Melatonin and its generating system in vertebrate retina: circadian rhythm, effect of environmental lighting and interaction with dopamine

Nowak, Jerzy Z.; Zurawska, Ewa; Zawilska, Jolanta B.

doi:10.1016/0197-0186(89)90027-2

Cited by 101 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The circadian clock controls melatonin levels by directly regulating Aanat transcription and by gating the cAMP signaling cascade. In constant darkness, the circadian rhythm in dopamine levels is driven by the circadian rhythm in melatonin levels (adapted from [ 1 ]) abolished in animals maintained in constant light [ 28 ] and light exposure in the middle of the night induces a very rapid decrease in AANAT activity in the pineal gland and retina [ 4 , 29 , 30 ]. Light exposure rapidly decreases cAMP levels in photoreceptor cells [ 31 -34 ] and promotes the dephosphorylation of AANAT, its dissociation from 14-3-3, and its degradation by proteasomal proteolysis [ 24 , 25 , 35 -37 ].…”

Section: Melatonin Synthesis and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Melatonin and Dopamine in the Regulation of Retinal Circadian Rhythms

Tosini

Iuvone

2013

The Retina and Circadian Rhythms

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Melatonin and dopamine are two important players in the regulation of many physiological functions within the body. These neurohormones are also involved in the regulation of retinal physiology and its pathophysiology. Several studies have shown that melatonin synthesis in the retina primarily occurs during the night, whereas dopamine synthesis occurs during the day. We now know that melatonin and dopamine play opposing roles in the regulation of retinal physiology and visual processing in mammals; dopamine functions as a signal for light adaptation, while melatonin has dark-adaptive effects. This reciprocal feedback loop is believed to be a critical component of the regulation of circadian rhythms in the eye. Melatonin and dopamine exert their infl uence(s) by binding to G-protein-coupled receptors that are expressed by many different cells in the vertebrate retina. Although during the last 20 years we have acquired a substantial knowledge on the role of melatonin and dopamine in many different animal models, a clear role for the melatonin and dopamine systems in human retina is still missing. It is our hope that future genomic studies will be performed on human populations with ocular diseases to determine if polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes-or receptorsinvolved in the melatonin and dopamine systems are associated with specifi c visual disorders.

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Section: Melatonin Synthesis and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Melatonin and Dopamine in the Regulation of Retinal Circadian Rhythms

Tosini

Iuvone

2013

The Retina and Circadian Rhythms

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“…As in the brain, retinal dopamine shows a diurnal rhythm with peak levels during the day and low levels during the night in non-human vertebrates (Nowak, Zurawska et al 1989;Megaw, Boelen et al 2006), and in human retinas (Di Paolo, Harnois et al 1987). The diurnal variation in dopamine levels persists in constant darkness in mice, indicating that it has a circadian rhythm of release (Doyle, Grace et al 2002), although others have found no circadian rhythm but a light activated fluctuation in retinal dopamine (Melamed, Frucht et al 1984).…”

Section: Central and Retinal Dopamine Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intra-vitreal injection of dopamine into the eye at night suppresses melatonin while the injection of melatonin during the day suppresses dopamine (Adachi, Nogi et al 1998). Melatonin leads to an increase in AANAT activity in the retina and a decrease in dopamine levels (Nowak, Zurawska et al 1989;Nowak, Kazula et al 1992), while dopamine inhibits retinal AANAT activity and melatonin release (Iuvone and Besharse 1986;Tosini and Dirden 2000).…”

Section: Dopamine and Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia, Light and Circadian Rhythms

Phillips¹,

Backhouse²,

Collins³

2012

Advances in Ophthalmology

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“…Whereas pineal melatonin is secreted to the body fluids, retinal melatonin is thought to act locally within the eye (Pang et al, 1991). The most striking feature of melatonin in the pineal gland (Klein, 1979) and the retina (Hamm and Menaker, 1980;Nowak et al, 1989) of several species is the dramatic day-night rhythmicity in its synthesis, leading to increased melatonin levels at night.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of GABA on Melatonin Content in Golden Hamster Retina

Jaliffa

Faillace

Lacoste

et al. 1999

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Abstract:The effect of GABA on melatonin content in vitro was studied in the golden hamster retina. GABA significantly increased melatonin levels in a dose-dependent manner, its effect being reversed by a GABA, receptor antagonist, bicuculline, but not by saclofen, a GABA, antagonist. Moreover, an equimolar concentration of muscimol, a GABA, receptor agonist, significantly increased retinal melatonin content, whereas baclofen, a GABA, receptor agonist, was ineffective. The darknessinduced increase in melatonin content in vitro was inhibited by bicuculline, whereas saclofen was ineffective. Retinal GABA turnover rate was significantly higher at midnight than at midday. GABA significantly decreased cyclic AMP and increased cyclic GMP accumulation in the golden hamster retina. The effect of GABA on both nucleotide levels was reversed by bicuculline, but baclofen had no effect. Cyclic GMP analogues (i.e., 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and 2'-0-dibutyrylguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate) significantly increased retinal melatonin content in vitro. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that GABA may be important for the "dark message" in the hamster retina. Key Words: GABA-Melatonin-Cyclic AMPCyclic GMP-Hamster retina.

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Melatonin and its generating system in vertebrate retina: circadian rhythm, effect of environmental lighting and interaction with dopamine

Cited by 101 publications

References 33 publications

Role of Melatonin and Dopamine in the Regulation of Retinal Circadian Rhythms

Role of Melatonin and Dopamine in the Regulation of Retinal Circadian Rhythms

Myopia, Light and Circadian Rhythms

Effect of GABA on Melatonin Content in Golden Hamster Retina

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