Melatonin attenuates chemical-induced cardiotoxicity

Abstract

Environmental chemicals and drugs can induce cardiotoxicity, mainly by generating free radicals. Reactive oxygen species play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiac tissue injury. This highlights a need for prevention of cardiotoxicity by scavenging free radicals. Melatonin has been shown to act as a protector against various conditions in which free radicals cause molecular and tissue injury. Some of the mechanisms by which melatonin operates as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant have been identified. The importance of endogenous melatonin in cardiovascular health and the benefits of melatonin supplementation in different cardiac pathophysiological disorders have been shown in a variety of model systems. Melatonin continues to attract attention for its potential therapeutic value for cardiovascular toxicity. The therapeutic potential of melatonin in treatment of cardiotoxicities caused by various chemicals along with suggested molecular mechanisms of action for melatonin is reviewed.

Melatonin to Rescue the Aged Heart: Antiarrhythmic and Antioxidant Benefits

“…Different drugs such as Luzindole work as receptor blockers, with an important role in cardiac tissue. Luzindole and 4P-PDOT competitively block MT1 melatonin receptors (in concentrations higher than 300 nM), and both are inverse agonists in systems with constitutively active MT1 receptors [148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155]159].…”

“…The molecular mechanisms underlying those processes are still not fully elucidated. The role of melatonin as a cardioprotective molecule has been suggested as part of a pathway linked with its antioxidative action in the heart [ 149 ]. However, other mechanisms related to ion channel interaction as well as positive effects in mitochondria define its cardioprotective action too.…”

A robust computational quest: Discovering potential hits to improve the treatment of pyrazinamide‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

“…(2023) showed that quantum descriptors can provide valuable insights into the electronic structure of biological macromolecules relevant to processes such as catalysis and protein binding 58 . However, the intermediate values of Comp4, particularly its second highest chemical potential ( μ ), may indicate possible interactions with DNA or generation of cardiotoxic reactive oxygen species 59 . In contrast, Comp1, with its increased reactivity and electrophilicity, raises concerns about off‐target effects and potential damage to DNA and cell membranes 60,61 .…”

“… 58 However, the intermediate values of Comp4, particularly its second highest chemical potential ( μ ), may indicate possible interactions with DNA or generation of cardiotoxic reactive oxygen species. 59 In contrast, Comp1, with its increased reactivity and electrophilicity, raises concerns about off‐target effects and potential damage to DNA and cell membranes. 60 , 61 Comp2 might have limited cellular penetration and lower binding affinity to target biomolecules due to its pronounced electronegativity.…”

Protective effect of melatonin as an antioxidant in the intestine of rats with superior mesenteric arterial occlusion

“…Melatonin acts to detoxify free radicals such as hydroxyl by donating electrons directly. This substance protects cells, tissues, and organs from oxidative damage induced by various free radical production processes and agents (21). It is effective in safeguarding nuclear DNA, membrane fats, and cytoplasmic proteins and improves the antioxidant defense capacity of the whole organism.…”