Melatonin prevents formaldehyde‐induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats. For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The rats in Group I were used as a control, while the rats in Group II were injected every other day with formaldehyde. The rats in Group III received melatonin daily while exposed to formaldehyde. At the end of 14-day experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation. The brains of the rats were removed and the prefrontal cortex tissues were obtained from all brain specimens. Some of the prefrontal cortex tissue specimens were used for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The remaining prefrontal cortex tissue specimens were used for immunohistochemical evaluation. The levels of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased, and MDA levels, were significantly increased in rats treated with formaldehyde compared with those of the controls. In the immunohistochemical evaluation of this group, apoptotic cells were observed. However, increased SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities, and decreased MDA levels, were detected in the rats administered melatonin while exposed to formaldehyde. Furthermore, apoptotic changes caused by formaldehyde were decreased in these rats. The results of our study suggest that melatonin treatment prevents formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex.

Toxic effects of formaldehyde on the urinary system

“…In addition, there are available data in the literature regarding the symptoms and side effects of FA on several systems (Table 2). [29][30][31][32][33][34] Effects of formaldehyde on the urinary system The toxic effects of formaldehyde occur in several systems of the body, and both experimental and clinical investigations have attempted to elucidate the toxic effects of formaldehyde on the urinary system. In a study conducted in workers with occupational FA exposure, it was found that there was a significant increase in the incidence of renal cancers among these employees.…”

The Relation of Conners Rating Scale with Executive Functions

“…4,5,9,10 BRIEF ise DEHB'deki başlıca bozukluk alanı olan ve prefrontal bölge-nin 63 fonksiyonu olan yönetici işlevleri 25,64,65 ölç-mek üzere geliştirilmiştir. İlgili literatürde 16,40 uygulananlardan farklı olarak klinik belirtilere ilişkin davranışsal göstergelerin (CDÖ) tanılamaya olan katkısı, bilişsel göstergelerin (BRIEF) de eklenmesi suretiyle incelendiğinde; farklı formlar ve gruplar için elde edilen farkların %11,10 ve altında kaldığı belirlenmiştir (Tablo 3 ve Şekil 1).…”

Clinical and Experimental Study of the Toxic Neuropsychiatric Effects of Formaldehyde Exposure: Has Garlic a Protective Role?

“…Chang and Xu [77] and Zararsiz et al [49] suggested that, formaldehyde causes oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Their study showed decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH-Px and increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) which was consistent with our study.…”

“…The use of different antioxidants as selenium [31], melatonin [49], vitamin E [85], and omega-3 essential fatty acids [86] were used to counteract FA induced neurotoxicity. Currently reliance on natural products is gaining popularity to combat various physiological threats including oxidative stress, cardiovascular complexities, cancer insurgence, and immune dysfunction.…”