Melatonin Promotes Cheliped Regeneration, Digestive Enzyme Function, and Immunity Following Autotomy in the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Zhang, Cong; Yang, Xiaozhen; Xu, Minjie; Huang, Genyong; Zhang, Qian; Cheng, Yongxu; He, Long; Ren, Hong-Yu

doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00269

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Our previous study found that melatonin can promote cheliped regeneration of E . sinensis by regulating the expression of EcR , MIH and Chi genes [20]. Therefore, in the present study we examined the expression levels of EcR , MIH and Chi genes during the cheliped regeneration process of E .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcriptomic analysis of Portunus trituberculatus in limb regeneration showed that limb regeneration appears to be regulated by multiple signalling pathways, the expression of genes involved in muscle growth, moult and immune-related genes up-regulated [18]. And studies reported that the process of crab cheliped regeneration is primarily dependent on the co-regulation of ecdysteroid and molting-inhibiting hormone (MIH); ecdysteroid promotes cheliped regeneration, whereas MIH inhibits cheliped regeneration [19,20]. And chitinase (Chi) plays an important role in the molting cycle of E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cheliped regeneration of E . sinensis is not only regulated by related genes but also has an important relationship with nutrition storage in vivo [12,20]. For crustaceans, growth and molting depend on the level of nutrient accumulation in the body [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in bud morphology, growth-related genes and nutritional status during cheliped regeneration in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

et al. 2018

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During pond culture of Eriocheir sinensis, a high limb-impairment rate restricts the industry development and quality. Therefore, research on limb autotomy and regeneration has important practical significance for the industrial development and basic biology of E. sinensis. This study evaluated the changes in bud morphology, growth-related gene expression and nutritional status during cheliped regeneration in E. sinensis. The study found that the new cheliped was pre-formed in the bud and then regenerated with the completion of molting of E. sinensis. The new cheliped was similar in morphology to the normal cheliped after the first molting but smaller in size. The qRT-PCR results of growth-related genes showed that the expression levels of EcR-mRNA (ecdysteroid receptor) and Chi-mRNA (chitinase) were significantly up-regulated, whereas the expression of MIH-mRNA (molt-inhibiting hormone) was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). The nutritional status during the regeneration process showed that the hepatopancreas total lipid content decreased significantly within 28 days and was significantly lower in the autotomy group than in the control group at 14 d and 21 d (P < 0.05). The hepatopancreas fatty acid composition results showed that saturated fatty acids (SFA), highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and n-3/n-6 were significantly higher in the autotomy group than in the control group at 21 d (P < 0.05), whereas the ∑ n-6 PUFA and ∑ n-3 PUFA at 1 d and 7 d, and the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) at 28 d in the autotomy group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of eicosatetraenoic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) showed that DHA was significantly lower at 7 d and significantly higher at 21 d in the autotomy group than in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas ARA and EPA were not significantly different between the two groups. Muscle L-tryptophan content was significantly lower at 1 d and significantly higher at 7 d in the autotomy group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that during the cheliped regeneration process, crabs could accelerate molting and regeneration by regulating growth-related gene expression (e.g., EcR-mRNA and MIH-mRNA) and nutrient metabolism (e.g., lipid metabolism).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in bud morphology, growth-related genes and nutritional status during cheliped regeneration in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

et al. 2018

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“…The Trp metabolite melatonin, affects the immune system and antioxidant defense system (ADS) of crustaceans ( 33 , 115 ). When eyestalk-ablated E. sinensis were injected with melatonin, both their immune and antioxidant capacity were enhanced in terms of increased THC and hemocyanin levels, coupled with an elevation in the activities of ALP, ACP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and other antioxidant enzymes ( 31 ). Melatonin injection also enhances response to oxidative damage and elimination of damaged mitochondria and hemocytes due to external stress in E. sinensis ( 32 ).…”

Section: Amino Acid Metabolism and Crustacean Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Crustacean Innate Immune Response by Amino Acids and Their Metabolites: Inferences From Other Species

et al. 2020

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Aquaculture production of crustaceans (mainly shrimp and crabs) has expanded globally, but disease outbreaks and pathogenic infections have hampered production in the last two decades. As invertebrates, crustaceans lack an adaptive immune system and mainly defend and protect themselves using their innate immune system. The immune system derives energy and metabolites from nutrients, with amino acids constituting one such source. A growing number of studies have shown that amino acids and their metabolites are involved in the activation, synthesis, proliferation, and differentiation of immune cells, as well as in the activation of immune related signaling pathways, reduction of inflammatory response and regulation of oxidative stress. Key enzymes in amino acid metabolism have also been implicated in the regulation of the immune system. Here, we reviewed the role played by amino acids and their metabolites in immune-modulation in crustaceans. Information is inferred from mammals and fish where none exists for crustaceans. Research themes are identified and the relevant research gaps highlighted for further studies.

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“…In addition, hemocytes can adhere to pathogens, trigger phagocytosis, and produce highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) (28). Our previous studies have shown that melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) can significantly improve the serum antioxidant capacity of E. sinensis (29). As the precursor of melatonin, tryptophan is an effective scavenger for free radicals and can maintain the cellular redox balance by enhancing the body's antioxidant capacity (30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary L-Tryptophan Modulates the Hematological Immune and Antibacterial Ability of the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis, Under Cheliped Autotomy Stress

Zhang

Song

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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In pond cultures of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis, limb autotomy stress seriously affects and restricts the quality and economic benefits of aquaculture. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of L-tryptophan on E. sinensis under the cheliped autotomy stress. In the present study, 252 crabs were divided into four groups: dietary L-trp supplementation with 0.28, 0.40, 0.53, and 0.70%, and their hematological immunity, antioxidant capacity, anti-stress, and antibacterial ability were evaluated after 14 days of using biochemical analysis, flow cytometry, and molecular biology techniques. First, we counted the mortality after 14 days of feeding and found that compared with other treatments, dietary supplementation of 0.53 and 0.70% L-trp significantly lowered the mortality of E. sinensis. Moreover, the total hemocyte count (THC), hemocyanin, and glutathione (GSH) content, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity significantly increased at 7 and 14 d with dietary supplementation of 0.53 and 0.70% L-trp, in contrast with the significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content at 14 d in the same dietary groups (P<0.05). Next, the bacterial challenge test after 14 days of feeding showed that the THC levels, phagocytic rate, and acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were significantly higher with dietary supplementation of 0.53 and 0.70% L-trp after 12 and 24 h of Aeromonas hydrophila injection, along with a significant improvement in the antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). Further, we measured the expression of antibacterial-related protein genes (EslecB and HSP 90) and found that they were significant up-regulated in the hepatopancreas, hemocytes, intestine, and gill in the groups with dietary supplementation of 0.53% and 0.70% L-trp after 12 h or 24 h of A. hydrophila injection (P<0.05). Taken together, the observations in this study indicate that dietary supplementation of L-trp can enhance the antioxidant capacity and improve the hematological immune status and antibacterial ability of E. sinensis under the cheliped autotomy stress, thereby increasing the survival rate of E. sinensis under cheliped autotomy stress.

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Melatonin Promotes Cheliped Regeneration, Digestive Enzyme Function, and Immunity Following Autotomy in the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Cited by 34 publications

References 68 publications

Changes in bud morphology, growth-related genes and nutritional status during cheliped regeneration in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Changes in bud morphology, growth-related genes and nutritional status during cheliped regeneration in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Modulation of Crustacean Innate Immune Response by Amino Acids and Their Metabolites: Inferences From Other Species

Dietary L-Tryptophan Modulates the Hematological Immune and Antibacterial Ability of the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis, Under Cheliped Autotomy Stress

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