Melatonin synthesis in the optic lobes and midbrain of the grasshopper <i>Oedipoda caerulescens</i>

Vieira, Raúl; Mancebo, M.J.; Pérez-Maceira, Jorge José; Aldegunde, M.

doi:10.1002/arch.21605

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…Similar enzymatic reactions of the serotogenic/melatogenic pathway are catalyzed by homologues or paralogs of the above enzymes in different organisms, including plants. In plants, tryptophan is synthesized via the shikimic acid pathway, which is then decarboxylated to tryptamine by tryptophan decarboxylase and further converted to serotonin by tryptamine 5-hydroxylase. ,, Serotonin can also be metabolized to 5-mehoxytryptamine in plants with its further methylation to melatonin. , In insects, serotonin and melatonin are synthesized by same routes as in vertebrates. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Serotonin, Melatonin, and Their Metabolites in Honey

Kim

Atigadda

Brzeminski

et al. 2021

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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Melatonin and serotonin, products of tryptophan metabolism, are endogenous neurotransmitters and hormones. We have identified and quantified these metabolites in natural honey from Australia, USA, and Poland using a Xevo G2 XS qTof LC− MS. To help ensure correct product identification, some samples were prepurified by RP-HPLC based on the retention times of standards, prior to LC−MS. The concentrations of the metabolites of interest depended on the source of the honey. For Australian honey, levels for melatonin and 2-hydroxymelatonin were 0.91 and 0.68 ng/g, respectively. Melatonin was detected in one brand of US commercial honey at 0.48 ng/g, while a second brand contained serotonin at 88.2 ng/g. In Polish natural honey, 20.6 ng/g of serotonin and 40.8 ng/g of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) were detected, while in Polish commercial honey 25.9 ng/g of serotonin and 7.30 ng/g of NAS were present. We suggest that addictive and health-related properties of honey may be in part dependent on the presence of serotonin, melatonin, and their metabolites, and that these compounds may play a role in the colony activities of bees.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Serotonin, Melatonin, and Their Metabolites in Honey

Kim

Atigadda

Brzeminski

et al. 2021

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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Effects of light cycle on motion behaviour and melatonin secretion in Haliotis discus hannai

et al. 2021

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Evolutionary formation of melatonin and vitamin D in early life forms: insects take centre stage

Kim,

Slominski,

Pyza

et al. 2024

Biological Reviews

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Melatonin, a product of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin, is a molecule with an indole backbone that is widely produced by bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms, plants, fungi and all animal taxa. Aside from its role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, it has diverse biological actions including regulation of cytoprotective responses and other functions crucial for survival across different species. The latter properties are also shared by its metabolites including kynuric products generated by reactive oxygen species or phototransfomation induced by ultraviolet radiation. Vitamins D and related photoproducts originate from phototransformation of ∆5,7 sterols, of which 7‐dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol are examples. Their ∆5,7 bonds in the B ring absorb solar ultraviolet radiation [290–315 nm, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation] resulting in B ring opening to produce previtamin D, also referred to as a secosteroid. Once formed, previtamin D can either undergo thermal‐induced isomerization to vitamin D or absorb UVB radiation to be transformed into photoproducts including lumisterol and tachysterol. Vitamin D, as well as the previtamin D photoproducts lumisterol and tachysterol, are hydroxylated by cyochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to produce biologically active hydroxyderivatives. The best known of these is 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) for which the major function in vertebrates is regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Herein we review data on melatonin production and metabolism and discuss their functions in insects. We discuss production of previtamin D and vitamin D, and their photoproducts in fungi, plants and insects, as well as mechanisms for their enzymatic activation and suggest possible biological functions for them in these groups of organisms. For the detection of these secosteroids and their precursors and photoderivatives, as well as melatonin metabolites, we focus on honey produced by bees and on body extracts of Drosophila melanogaster. Common biological functions for melatonin derivatives and secosteroids such as cytoprotective and photoprotective actions in insects are discussed. We provide hypotheses for the photoproduction of other secosteroids and of kynuric metabolites of melatonin, based on the known photobiology of ∆5,7 sterols and of the indole ring, respectively. We also offer possible mechanisms of actions for these unique molecules and summarise differences and similarities of melatoninergic and secosteroidogenic pathways in diverse organisms including insects.

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Melatonin synthesis in the optic lobes and midbrain of the grasshopper Oedipoda caerulescens

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Detection of Serotonin, Melatonin, and Their Metabolites in Honey

Detection of Serotonin, Melatonin, and Their Metabolites in Honey

Effects of light cycle on motion behaviour and melatonin secretion in Haliotis discus hannai

Evolutionary formation of melatonin and vitamin D in early life forms: insects take centre stage

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