Mellituria and Postprandial Blood Sugar Curves in Dogs after the Ingestion of Various Carbohydrates with the Diet

Bennett, Mildred J.; Coon, Edmund

doi:10.1093/jn/88.1.163

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It consisted of three major external components: an interactive target that detected movement through the use of an infrared photointerruptor, and two feed trays assigned to either lactose-free milk or water. As a diet high in lactose is associated with diarrhoea in some dogs [26], lactose-free milk was chosen as a liquid reward to avoid causing digestive upsets. Throughout training and testing, dogs received a set volume of lactose-free milk and water ranging from 1–5 mL, depending on their bodyweight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Sense and Sensibility: Tipping Points and Response Latency Variability as an Optimism Index in a Canine Judgement Bias Assessment

Starling

Branson

Cody³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Recent advances in animal welfare science used judgement bias, a type of cognitive bias, as a means to objectively measure an animal's affective state. It is postulated that animals showing heightened expectation of positive outcomes may be categorised optimistic, while those showing heightened expectations of negative outcomes may be considered pessimistic. This study pioneers the use of a portable, automated apparatus to train and test the judgement bias of dogs. Dogs were trained in a discrimination task in which they learned to touch a target after a tone associated with a lactose-free milk reward and abstain from touching the target after a tone associated with water. Their judgement bias was then probed by presenting tones between those learned in the discrimination task and measuring their latency to respond by touching the target. A Cox's Proportional Hazards model was used to analyse censored response latency data. Dog and Cue both had a highly significant effect on latency and risk of touching a target. This indicates that judgement bias both exists in dogs and differs between dogs. Test number also had a significant effect, indicating that dogs were less likely to touch the target over successive tests. Detailed examination of the response latencies revealed tipping points where average latency increased by 100% or more, giving an indication of where dogs began to treat ambiguous cues as predicting more negative outcomes than positive ones. Variability scores were calculated to provide an index of optimism using average latency and standard deviation at cues after the tipping point. The use of a mathematical approach to assessing judgement bias data in animal studies offers a more detailed interpretation than traditional statistical analyses. This study provides proof of concept for the use of an automated apparatus for measuring cognitive bias in dogs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Sense and Sensibility: Tipping Points and Response Latency Variability as an Optimism Index in a Canine Judgement Bias Assessment

Starling

Branson

Cody³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…This infers that the enzyme lactase was deficient or absent, and in consequence that that proportion of the sugar absorbed and not utilised appeared in the urine as the disaccharide. However, the presence of considerable amounts of galactose in the urine of humans (Watkins 1928), dogs (Scheunert and Somer 1956), and rats (Bennett and Coon 1966) fed lactose suggests that enzyme deficiencies can occur in the conversion of galactose to glucose.…”

Section: Hamiltonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary and faecal sugar losses in growing pigs fed diets containing lactose

Shearer¹,

Dunkin

1969

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Twelve castrate pigs were fed diets containing either 0, 15, 30, or 45% lactose from 50 to 120 lb live weight. Total collections of faeces and urine were made over 5-day periods at 60 lb and 110 lb live weight. Except for a single day's collection from one pig, the faeces from all pigs were of normal consistency throughout both collection periods. A significant positive relationship was found between the amount of total reducing sugars voided in the urine and the dietary level of lactose. However, it was estimated that the maximum total quantity of reducing sugars in the urine did not exceed 1 % of the lactose ingested. Lactose, galactose, and traces of glucose were found in urine samples from pigs fed lactose. Urinary samples from control animals contained traces of glucose only. Amounts of reducing sugar in faeces samples were small and unrelated to the dietary level of lactose. The major sugar present in faeces of normal consistency was tentatively identified as the pentose sugar xylose. In the watery faeces voided by one pig on a single day appreciable quantities of glucose and galactose were detected. These results are discussed in relation to the inferior growth performance of pigs fed diets containing high levels of lactose.

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“…While many studies have been conducted to improve the knowledge on the lactose tolerance threshold in humans (Corgneau et al 2015), little is known about these concerns in companion animals. In particular, beyond some evidences on lactose intolerance of adult dogs and cats when fed diets containing high concentrations of lactose (Bennett and Coon 1966;Morris et al 1977;Kienzle 1993), few studies have evaluated the effect of adding lower (and more plausible) daily doses of this sugar to companion animals' diet (Zentek et al 2002;Beynen and Yu 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of lactose on faecal bacterial populations and metabolites and apparent total tract digestibility in adult dogs

Grandi

Pinna

Bonaldo

et al. 2018

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The effect of increasing dietary doses of lactose on canine faecal microbiota and apparent digestibility was evaluated. Fourteen adult healthy dogs [1-5 years of age, mean body weight (BW) of 19.0 kg] were fed with an extruded diet containing silica (5 g/kg) as a digestion marker. After a 20 d adaptation period, increasing doses of lactose were added to the dogs' diet (0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg BW 0.75 /d) during three consecutive 20-d supplementation periods. Faeces were collected at the end of each period for analyses. Four dogs refused the diet added with lactose at 0.5 g/kg BW 0.75 /d and were excluded from the trial, as well as two dogs, which developed acute diarrhoea when lactose was fed at 1 g/kg BW 0.75 /d. Conversely, eight dogs remained healthy throughout the study. Faecal moisture was influenced by lactose (quadratic, p ¼ .001), while faecal pH and ammonia were not affected by treatments. Lactose supplementations tended to linearly decrease isovalerate (p ¼ .051) and quadratically influence n-valerate (p ¼ .056) in canine faeces. No changes in faecal microbial populations were observed. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, Ca, K, Mn and Fe was influenced by lactose supplementation (quadratic, p < .05). Increasing doses of lactose linearly decreased Mg digestibility (p < .05). Furthermore, coefficients of crude protein, crude ash, P, Mg and Zn digestibility were tendentially affected (quadratic, p ¼ .055, .089, .091, .065 and .065, respectively). In conclusion, 8 of 14 dogs displayed a good tolerance (absence of gastrointestinal signs) up to the highest dose of lactose (2 g/kg BW 0.75 /d). An evident prebiotic effect was not observed. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Mellituria and Postprandial Blood Sugar Curves in Dogs after the Ingestion of Various Carbohydrates with the Diet

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Canine Sense and Sensibility: Tipping Points and Response Latency Variability as an Optimism Index in a Canine Judgement Bias Assessment

Canine Sense and Sensibility: Tipping Points and Response Latency Variability as an Optimism Index in a Canine Judgement Bias Assessment

Urinary and faecal sugar losses in growing pigs fed diets containing lactose

Effects of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of lactose on faecal bacterial populations and metabolites and apparent total tract digestibility in adult dogs

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