Melt distribution beneath a young continental rift: The Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

Heise, Wiebke; Bibby, H. M.; Caldwell, T. G.; Bannister, Stephen; Ogawa, Yasuo; Takakura, Shinichi; Uchida, Toshihiro

doi:10.1029/2007gl029629

Cited by 116 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Ascent into the shallow crust encompasses both repeated sill intrusion and multiple, interacting dykes (e.g., Hamling et al, 2010). Rift zones are extensively intruded by interconnected lenses of melt (e.g., Heise et al, 2007), but InSAR measurements have nevertheless shown the importance of repeated deformation originating beneath volcanoes and of repeated sill intrusion, which also seem to play a role in rifting events. For example, uplift attributed to sill intrusion at Alu and Gabho in Ethiopia preceded the Alu-Dalafilla and Dabbahu rifting episodes, respectively , and similarly a deformation source beneath dormant Gelai volcano was active during rifting in Tanzania .…”

Section: Insights From Global Insar Volcano Deformation Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of global satellite observations of magmatic and volcanic deformation: implications for volcano monitoring & the lateral extent of magmatic domains

et al. 2018

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Global Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements made over the past decades provide insights into the lateral extent of magmatic domains, and capture volcanic process on scales useful for volcano monitoring. Satellite-based SAR imagery has great potential for monitoring topographic change, the distribution of eruptive products and surface displacements (InSAR) at subaerial volcanoes. However, there are challenges in applying it routinely, as would be required for the reliable operational assessment of hazard. The deformation detectable depends upon satellite repeat time and swath widths, relative to the spatial and temporal scales of volcanological processes. We describe the characteristics of InSAR-measured volcano deformation over the past two decades, highlighting both the technique's capabilities and its limitations as a monitoring tool. To achieve this, we draw on two global datasets of volcano deformation: the Smithsonian Institution Volcanoes of the World database and the Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics volcano deformation catalogue, as well as compiling some measurement characteristics and interpretations from the primary literature. We find that a higher proportion of InSAR observations capture non-eruptive and non-magmatic processes than those from ground-based instrument networks, and that both transient (< month) and long-duration (> 5 years) deformation episodes are under-represented. However, satellite radar is already used to assess the development of extended periods of unrest and long-lasting eruptions, and improved spatial resolution and coverage have resulted in the detection of previously unrecognised deformation at both ends of the spatial scale (~10 to > 1000 km 2 ). 'Baseline' records of past InSAR measurements, including 'null' results, are fundamental for any future interpretation of interferograms in terms of hazard‚ both by providing information about past deformation at an individual volcano, and for assessing the characteristics of deformation that are likely to be detectable (and undetectable) using InSAR. More than half of all InSAR deformation signals attributed to magmatic processes have sources in the shallow crust (< 5 km depth). While the depth distribution of InSAR-derived deformation sources is affected by measurement limitations, their lateral distribution provides information about the extent of active magmatic domains. Deformation is common (24% of all potentially magmatic events) at loci ≥5 km away from the nearest active volcanic vent. This demonstrates that laterally extensive active magmatic domains are not exceptional, but can comprise the shallowest part of trans-crustal magmatic systems in a range of volcanic settings.

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Section: Insights From Global Insar Volcano Deformation Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of global satellite observations of magmatic and volcanic deformation: implications for volcano monitoring & the lateral extent of magmatic domains

et al. 2018

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“…There are many examples in the literature where conductive anomalies have been quantitatively interpreted in terms of partial melt (e.g., Pous et al 1995;Brasse et al 2002;Heise et al 2007;Didana et al 2014). The melt (or fluid) fraction can be directly calculated from the bulk resistivity using mixing laws (assuming the melt conductivity is known).…”

Section: Meltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Coupling of Geodynamic and Resistivity Models: A Progress Report and the Way Forward

Heise

Ellis

2015

Surv Geophys

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Magnetotelluric (MT) studies represent the structure of crust and mantle in terms of conductivity anomalies, while geodynamic modelling predicts the deformation and evolution of crust and mantle subject to plate tectonic processes. Here, we review the first attempts to link MT models with geodynamic models. An integration of MT with geodynamic modelling requires the use of relationships between conductivity and rheological parameters such as viscosity and melt fraction, which are provided by laboratory measurements of rock properties. Owing to present limitations in our understanding of these relationships, and in interpreting the trade-off between scale and magnitude of conductivity anomalies from MT inversions, most studies linking MT and geodynamic models are qualitative rather than providing hard constraints. Some recent examples attempt a more quantitative comparison, such as a study from the Himalayan continental collision zone, where rheological parameters have been calculated from a resistivity model and compared to predictions from geodynamic modelling. We conclude by demonstrating the potential in combining MT results and geodynamic modelling with examples that directly use MT results as constraints within geodynamic models of ore bodies and studies of an active volcano-tectonic rift.

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“…Measurements have, however, been made close to the field and across the TVZ. These measurements provide images of the resistivity structure at great depth (∼30 km) from which can be deduced the thermal conditions beneath the geothermal systems of the TVZ (Ogawa et al, 1999;Ingham, 2005;Heise et al, 2007).…”

Section: Deep Structure and Heat Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of deep resistivity structures at the Wairakei geothermal field

et al. 2009

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Melt distribution beneath a young continental rift: The Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

Cited by 116 publications

References 25 publications

Synthesis of global satellite observations of magmatic and volcanic deformation: implications for volcano monitoring & the lateral extent of magmatic domains

Synthesis of global satellite observations of magmatic and volcanic deformation: implications for volcano monitoring & the lateral extent of magmatic domains

On the Coupling of Geodynamic and Resistivity Models: A Progress Report and the Way Forward

Investigations of deep resistivity structures at the Wairakei geothermal field

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