Melt Foamability of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared by Extrusion Blending in the Presence of Pyromellitic Dianhydride

Xia, Tian; Xi, Zhenhao; Yi, Xuefeng; Liu, Tao; Zhao, Ling

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01583

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Nofar et al . believe that nanocomposite technology is a simple and effective method to prepare better polymer foams by increasing the elongational viscosity, melt strength, and nucleation efficiency in the polymer . In the above discussion, we proved that in the PEO/Lg composite, the Lg particles could act as a heterogeneous nucleating agent and also enhance the melt strength of the composite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Preparation, structure, and properties of poly(ethyleneoxide)/lignin composites used for UV absorption

Wang

Leng

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A composite of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lignin (Lg) was prepared and characterized for its utility as an ultraviolet (UV) absorbing material. Due to the extensive UV absorption and excellent oxidation-resistance of Lg, the formation of hydrogen bonds between the Lg particles and the PEO molecular segments renders the Lg particles well-dispersed in the PEO matrix. PEO/Lg composites with different Lg contents show that high levels of Lg could cause defects at the PEO/Lg composite interface. The viscosities of all composites were higher than that of pure PEO. Composite foams were further prepared under supercritical carbon dioxide conditions, all of which exhibited excellent UV-absorption properties. This work provides a means toward convenient preparation of PEO composites with UV-absorption ability and forms a theoretical basis for the dispersion of Lg in polymer matrices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Preparation, structure, and properties of poly(ethyleneoxide)/lignin composites used for UV absorption

Wang

Leng

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The material used in this study was a bottle‐grade PET (BG80) with an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.8 dL/g, which was purchased from Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fibre Co., Ltd., (Yizheng, China). The carboxyl content

{CC}_{0}

of this resin was measured to be equal to 21 mmol/kg and its number‐average molar mass

M_{n}

is 26,300 g/mol . The hydroxyl content

{CH}_{0}

was calculated equal to 55 mmol/kg according to the Berkowitz equation,

M_{n} = 2, 000, 000 / ({CC}_{0} + {CH}_{0})

.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carboxyl content CC 0 of this resin was measured to be equal to 21 mmol/kg and its number-average molar mass M n is 26,300 g/ mol. 35 The hydroxyl content CH 0 was calculated equal to 55 mmol/kg according to the Berkowitz equation, 6 M n 52; 000; 000=ðCC 0 1CH 0 Þ. The two modifiers are ADR and PMDA, they were supplied by BASF (Germany) and Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company (China) respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐melt‐elasticity poly(ethylene terephthalate) produced by reactive extrusion with a multi‐functional epoxide for foaming

Yang

Xin

Mughal

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A multi‐functional epoxide oligomer, Joncryl ADR‐4368 (ADR), is used as a modifier to prepare foamable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by reactive extrusion and compared with common tetra‐functional modifier pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA) as a reference. Torque evolution reveals that ADR has a faster reaction with PET than PMDA. The reactions generate long‐chain branches and gel structures, which are confirmed by rheological methods. Shear rheological studies show that PET modified with both ADR and PMDA display higher complex viscosity and lower loss tangent than unmodified sample. In particular, at a given viscosity level, ADR leads to a lower loss tangent than PMDA. Moreover, compared to PMDA, the addition of ADR results in a higher die pressure during extrusion and a more pronounced strain hardening during uniaxial elongation. These results indicate that ADR‐modified PET is less viscous but more elastic than PMDA‐modified PET. Owing to the higher elastic properties, ADR‐modified PET presents better foaming performance in batch foaming process with CO2 as a blowing agent. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45805.

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“…To qualitatively investigate promotion of PTFE fibrils in the TPEE crystallization kinetics, a modified Avrami analysis was employed, as described in earlier works [39] and the region calculated ranged from 3% to 50% in relative crystallinity to avoid the influence of epiphytic crystal growth. The crystallization kinetic parameters (k' and n), together with the enthalpy of crystallization (ΔHc), the crystallization onset temperature (Tc, onset), the crystallization temperature (Tc), the melting temperature (Tm) and the half-crystallization time (t1/2, defined as when the relative crystallinity reaches 50%) are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Thermal Behavior Of the Tpee/ptfe Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Continuous Microcellular Extrusion Foaming Ability with Supercritical CO2 of Thermoplastic Polyether Ester Elastomer through In-Situ Fibrillation of Polytetrafluoroethylene

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2019

Polymers

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In-situ fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) enhanced nanocomposites were successfully prepared by mixing thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer (TPEE) and PTFE using a twin-screw extruder. Well-dispersed, long aspect ratio PTFE nanofibrils with a diameter of less than 200 nm were generated and interwoven into networks. Differential scanning calorimetry and in-situ polarized optical microscopy showed that the PTFE nanofibrils can greatly accelerate and promote crystallization of the TPEE matrix and the crystallization temperature can be increased by 6 • C. Both shearing and elongational rheometry results confirmed that the introduction of PTFE nanofibrils can significantly improve the rheological properties. The remarkable changes in the strain-hardening effect and the melt viscoelastic response, as well as the promoted crystallization, led to substantially improved foaming behavior in the continuous extrusion process using supercritical CO 2 as the blowing agent. The existing PTFE nanofibrils dramatically decreased the cell diameter and increased cell density, together with a higher expansion ratio and more uniform cell structure. The sample with 5% PTFE fibrils showed the best foaming ability, with an average diameter of 10.4-14.7 µm, an expansion ratio of 9.5-12.3 and a cell density of 6.6 × 10 7 -8.6 × 10 7 cells/cm 3 .2 of 16 has many excellent properties including thermal stability, good elasticity, chemical and oil resistance and, especially, rebound resilience at low-temperatures [3,5]. Also, TPEE has higher tear and impact strengths over a broad range of service temperatures when compared with other traditional TPEs [8]. Because of the extraordinary performance of TPEE, it has attracted increasing interest from many fields such as the sports, automotive and military industries.Although TPEE is an attractive engineering material, its application has to overcome the exorbitant price. To overcome this shortcoming, many attempts have been made to further improve the mechanical properties or to lower the weight (i.e., material consumption). Blending the matrix with micro-sized particles is an efficient method to improve the thermal or mechanical properties of TPEE [9][10][11][12][13]. Paszkiewicz et al. [12] added carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)-based TPEE to improve the electrical conductivity. They found that CNTs had greater potential to improve electrical conductivity when compared to GNPs due to the higher purity and higher aspect ratio. Qiu et al. [13] controlled the structure of mixed filler particles in TPEE to enhance the mechanical properties. The results showed that a closely packed particle structure can significantly improve the yield strength by about 40% with a decrease of about 20% in the Young's modulus, which is preferred in TPEE used as an elastomer.Foaming is a very effective way to lower the weight and expand the application of polymers. In recent decades, foamed materials have exhibited a balance between price and...

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Melt Foamability of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared by Extrusion Blending in the Presence of Pyromellitic Dianhydride

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Preparation, structure, and properties of poly(ethyleneoxide)/lignin composites used for UV absorption

Preparation, structure, and properties of poly(ethyleneoxide)/lignin composites used for UV absorption

High‐melt‐elasticity poly(ethylene terephthalate) produced by reactive extrusion with a multi‐functional epoxide for foaming

Improving the Continuous Microcellular Extrusion Foaming Ability with Supercritical CO2 of Thermoplastic Polyether Ester Elastomer through In-Situ Fibrillation of Polytetrafluoroethylene

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