Melt free‐radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto polypropylene

Sun, Yu; Hu, Guohua; Lambla, Morand

doi:10.1002/apmc.1995.052290101

Cited by 106 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…GMA's grafting yields onto PP were also measured by FTIR according to the procedures described elsewhere. 16,18 …”

Section: Determination Of the Amount Of Grafted Gma Onto Epr Or A MIXmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…16,17 Basically, they were dissolved in boiling xylene and precipitated in acetone to remove unreacted and polymerized GMA. They were then dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 80°C.…”

Section: Determination Of the Amount Of Grafted Gma Onto Epr Or A MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the conversion of GMA to grafted species is typically below 10% for polypropylene (PP) and 20% for polyethylene (PE). 16,17 Recently, a so-called "comonomer concept" was developed to improve GMA's grafting yield onto PP and PE. 16 -20 The idea of using a second monomer or a comonomer is associated with the commonly accepted fact that a free radical process starts with the formation of macroradicals along the polymer chains by a so-called hydrogen abstraction mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Styrene-assisted melt free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto an ethylene and propylene rubber

Cartier

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article deals with the efficiency of using styrene (St) as a comonomer to promote the melt free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto an ethylene and propylene rubber (EPR) in a batch mixer and a corotating self-wiping twin screw extruder. The addition of St to an EPR/GMA/peroxide system increases not only GMA's grafting yield but also its grafting rate. The time required for the EPR/GMA/ peroxide system without St to reach a given amount of grafted GMA is at least 10 times that needed for the same system in the presence of an equimolar amount of St. For example, about 60 min are required for the EPR/GMA/dicumyl peroxide (composition: 100/3.0/0.3 by weight) to reach 1.5 phr (parts per hundred resin) GMA (i.e., 1.5 g grafted GMA per 100 g EPR). The same amount of grafted GMA is reached in Ͻ 3 min when 3.0 phr St is charged to the system. This significant reduction of reaction time is crucial for a successful free radical grafting of GMA on EPR in a corotating twin screw extruder, because the residence time in such a machine is typically on the order of 0.5-5 min.

show abstract

“…GMA's grafting yields onto PP were also measured by FTIR according to the procedures described elsewhere. 16,18 …”

Section: Determination Of the Amount Of Grafted Gma Onto Epr Or A MIXmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…16,17 Basically, they were dissolved in boiling xylene and precipitated in acetone to remove unreacted and polymerized GMA. They were then dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 80°C.…”

Section: Determination Of the Amount Of Grafted Gma Onto Epr Or A MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Styrene-assisted melt free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto an ethylene and propylene rubber

Cartier

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, for example, for LDPE-g-IA compositions (8), (14), and (20) (Table I) This assumption should be also taken into consideration when processing experimental data presented in Tables II and III. The reason for the MWD bimodality for LDPEg-IA obtained in dynamic mixing is the raised homogenization degree of the reactive blend and the higher grafted product yield compared with static mixers. The mixer type substantially affefcts the structure of LDPE-g-IA amorphous phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Investigation of molecular structure of LDPE modified by itaconic acid grafting

Jurkowski

Песецкий

Ol’khov³

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using thermomechanical spectroscopy, the molecular-weight distribution and relaxation transitions have been investigated in commercial LDPE and grafted by itaconic acid (LDPE-g-IA). This grafting in the molten LDPE was done by reactive extrusion with varied content of reactants in the blend under alternating of a shearing rate applied onto the melt. The dependence of structural relaxation changes in LDPE is shown upon the depth of the mechanochemical transformations and the competing reactions at IA grafting, and also on the chemical crosslinking of the macromolecules. The reason for MWD bimodality for LDPE-g-IA obtained in dynamic mixing is the raised homogenization degree of the reactive blend and the higher grafted product yield compared with static mixers. The mixer type substantially affects the structure of the LDPE-g-IA amorphous phase. The data obtained reflect chemical transformations of LDPE molecules in IA's presence without an initiator of radical reactions (DCP). Most probable is the IA initiation of molecular crosslinking reactions. There could also occur IA thermodegradation and oligomerization. LDPE and IA or products of acid chemical transformations do not agree thermodynamically (the calculated solubility parameters are 16.1 (MJ/m 3 ) 0.5 for polyethylene and 26.4 (MJ/m 3 ) 0.5 for IA). From the above procedure it can be supposed that nongrafted IA (or its oligomers) exerts an antiplastifying effect on LDPE and LDPE-g-IA.

show abstract

“…The grafting yield of LDPE remains weak (Ͻ10%). Lambla et al 8,9 studied the radical grafting of GMA onto PP in the molten state to compatibilize in situ the PP/PBT blends. They obtained a similar grafting yield (0.8%, determined by FTIR) using conditions close to those used by Liu et al 7 They showed that to multiply the grafting yield of GMA onto PP by a factor of 3 or 4, it is necessary to associate a comonomer such as styrene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of high‐density polyethylene in the molten state by glycidyl methacrylate grafting

Torres¹,

Robin²,

Boutevin

2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

:This study concerns the melt-free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto high-density polyethylene (HDPE). We studied the effect of two initiators (tert-butyl cumyl peroxide and di-tert-butyl peroxide) onto HDPE. Crosslinking of polymer was observed in the presence of 0.3 wt % tert-butyl cumyl peroxide but not with 0.3 wt % di-tert-butyl peroxide. The grafting was carried out in a Brabender batch mixer at 190°C. The grafting yield of GMA onto HDPE (determined by infrared spectrometry) is weak (Ͻ1 wt % for an initial concentration in monomer of 6 wt %). Moreover, it was noted that the degree of grafting did not vary with the concentration and the nature of peroxide used. To increase the grafting yield of GMA, we added to the HDPE/peroxide/ GMA system an electron-donating monomer, such as styrene. Adding this comonomer multiplied the rate of grafted GMA 3-or 4-fold, resulting in a ratio [styrene] i /[GMA] i ϭ 1 mol/mol with [GMA] i ϭ 6 wt %. So, the copolymerization is favored compared with the homopolymerization. This kind of copolymer presenting reactive functions is very attractive in the field of compatibilizing immiscible polymers.

show abstract

Melt free‐radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto polypropylene

Cited by 106 publications

References 8 publications

Styrene-assisted melt free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto an ethylene and propylene rubber

Styrene-assisted melt free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto an ethylene and propylene rubber

Investigation of molecular structure of LDPE modified by itaconic acid grafting

Functionalization of high‐density polyethylene in the molten state by glycidyl methacrylate grafting

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About