Melting Temperature Behavior of Different Energy Crop Ashes

Abstract

For solid fuels ash melting temperature is recommended to be higher than 1000°C, so that it can be used in automated furnaces; therefore-promising energy crops are investigated as renewable energy source. This paper presents the results of tests on melting temperature of different energy crop ashes.The field trial was carried out in the study farm of the Latvia University of Agriculture "Pēterlauki" (56°53'N, 23°71'E) in the sod calcareous soils characterized by pH KCl 6.7, P 52 mg kg-1, K 128 mg kg-1, organic matter content from 21 to 25 g kg-1 in the soil. Energy crops analysed: reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), birch (Betula pendula Roth.), osier (Salix spp.), grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench), poplar (Populus tremula L.), hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides x Populus tremula). Results indicate that the ash melting temperature (D, St, Ht, Ft) for the wood energy crops were higher than for the studied grass energy crops and their mixture. Ash melting temperature in all phases over 1200°C was observed for such poplar and hybrid aspen mixture proportions: 3 parts of wood and 1 part of reed canary grass, or 1 part of wood and 1 part of reed canary grass.

Ash Melting Behavior of Rice Straw and Calcium Additives

“…It can be clearly seen that the addition of the additive had a positive effect on the increase of ST by at least 50 • C up to 105 • C, and also DT (from a minimum rise of 10 • C up to 47 • C) for all of the studied samples. According to B ūmane et al [61], ST ranges between 750 • C and 1000 • C and DT between 850 and 1100 • C, which corresponds to the observed results of the present study. The DT, which stands for the starting point of melting and is therefore frequently used as the reference temperature in laboratories and thermochemical facilities [62], was higher for the CaCO 3 than Ca(OH) 2 additive, but altogether, the DT did not record a more significant change.…”

Jatropha curcas, L. Pruning Residues for Energy: Characteristics of an Untapped By-Product

“…This aspect makes the jatropha wood suitable for the boiler because it preserves the boiler by the phenomena of slagging and fouling already described above. Tests on herbaceous biomass, such as reed canary grass, show a melting temperature in all phases over 1200 • C up to about 1250 • C, while for woody biomasses, such as birch and poplar, are from 1400 • C up to about 1500 • C [60,61]. In a recent study [62], the ash melting point of Arundo donax, L. was 896 • C. From these results, it is possible to observe that the ash melting point of jatropha is higher than that of woody biomass that are normally used in biomass combustion plants.…”