Melting-type acidic quaternary ammonium ionic liquids as catalysts for alkylation desulfurization of FCC gasoline

Extractive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel with Three-Body NMP/BEN/H2O Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…At present, industrial hydrodesulfurization processes are common for the removal of mercaptan and thioether from fuel oil. However, for some inactive sulfides, such as benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), and 3-methylthiophene (3-MT), hydrodesulfurization technology is difficult because of the effect of benzene ring and alkyl side chain steric hindrance. , Some non-hydrodesulfurization technologies, such as extractive desulfurization (EDS), − alkylation desulfurization (ADS), − biocatalytic desulfurization (BDS), − and oxidative extractive desulfurization (OEDS), − have been widely researched by scholars. EDS requires appropriate temperature and pressure, and it is carried out by liquid–liquid extraction with low energy consumption.…”

3D mesoporous polycalix-functionalized dual Brønsted–Lewis acidic double-charged DABCO-based ionic liquid: a powerful and recyclable supramolecular polymeric catalyst for the synthesis of spiro-fused[4H-pyran]

“…In this regard, double-charged or di-cationic ILs based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) are much more attractive due to their bearing two active N atoms. [66][67][68][69] Also, this bicyclic organic compound shows features such as medium hindrance, a cage-like structure, high reactivity, and weak alkalescence that make it suitable for wide use in producing ionic liquids. 66,[70][71][72] As a result of the cage-like scaffold in DABCO (which decreases nitrogen inversion due to the high energy barrier), the localization of the lone-pair electrons of nitrogen increases.…”

Rational Design of Caprolactam-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extractive Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel and Mechanism Study

“…Although HDS is a mature technology in the industry, to achieve ultradeep desulfurization, more stringent operating conditions, such as high temperature (>300 °C) and pressure (> 3 MPa) and a large amount of hydrogen (H 2 ), are required. , Consequently, it is necessary to develop more novel and effective technologies to make up for the deficiency of HDS. Non-hydrodesulfurization technologies, including extractive desulfurization (EDS), − oxidative desulfurization, − adsorptive desulfurization, − biological desulfurization, alkylation desulfurization, , etc., are favored by a majority of researchers because of their mild reaction conditions and high efficiency in sulfides with complex structures. − Among them, EDS can be operated at room temperature and can quickly reach an extractive balance with low energy consumption, which is in line with green development concepts . Due to different solubilities of sulfide compounds in the extractant and the fuel oil, researchers are focused on seeking extractants with high extractive capacity.…”

“…13,14 Consequently, it is necessary to develop more novel and effective technologies to make up for the deficiency of HDS. Nonhydrodesulfurization technologies, including extractive desulfurization (EDS), 15−18 oxidative desulfurization, 19−24 adsorptive desulfurization, 25−27 biological desulfurization, 28 alkylation desulfurization, 29,30 etc., are favored by a majority of researchers because of their mild reaction conditions and high efficiency in sulfides with complex structures. 31−33 Among them, EDS can be operated at room temperature and can quickly reach an extractive balance with low energy consumption, which is in line with green development concepts.…”