Membrane-based gas separation

Koros, William J.; Fleming, G. K.

doi:10.1016/0376-7388(93)80013-n

Cited by 1,148 publications

(670 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…In recent years, attention has been focussed increasingly to the development of gas separation membranes [1][2][3]. Practical gas separation membranes have, without exception, asymmetric structures to achieve high permeation rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gelation conditions on gas separation performance for asymmetric polysulfone membranes

Yamasaki

Tyagi

Fouda

et al. 1997

Journal of Membrane Science

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Effect of gelation conditions on gas separation performance for asymmetric polysulfone membranes Yamasaki, A.; Tyagi, R. K.; Fouda, A. E.; Matsuura, T.; Jonasson, K. Received 7 December 1995; revised 4 July 1996; accepted 5 July 1996 Abstract Asymmetric gas separation membranes were prepared by the phase inversion technique under different gelation conditions from polysulfone/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solutions. The dual bath method was employed to control the skin layer properties: the cast film was immersed in 2-propanol bath and water bath in sequence. The membranes were characterized by the permeance of oxygen and nitrogen gases and the observation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A thin layer of silicone rubber (PDMS) was laminated on the surface of each asymmetric polysulfone membrane to eliminate the effect of defects in the skin layer. The oxygen permeance was inversely proportional to the square root of immersion time in the first (2-propanol) bath. The skin layer thickness determined by SEM observation increased with an increase in the immersion time in the first bath. For a given immersion time, the oxygen permeance decreased with an increase in the polymer concentration in the casting solution. Selectivity of oxygen over nitrogen also depended both on the immersion time in the first bath and the polymer concentration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gelation conditions on gas separation performance for asymmetric polysulfone membranes

Yamasaki

Tyagi

Fouda

et al. 1997

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…During the last two decades, membrane technology has been widely used in several industrial separation applications. 10,11 For membrane separation, the challenge is to develop continuous and reproducible membranes with the necessary separation characteristics. The two main parameters that are used to assess membrane performance for gas separations are: permeance or permeability and separation selectivity a.…”

Section: Membrane Technology For Molecular Gas Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular sieve membranes for N₂/CH₄separation

Carreón

2017

J. Mater. Res.

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Natural gas consumption has grown from 5.0 trillion cubic feet (TCF) in 1949 to 27.0 TCF in 2014 and is expected to be ;31.6 TCF in 2040. This large demand requires an effective technology to purify natural gas. Nitrogen is a significant impurity in natural gas and has to be removed since it decreases the natural gas energy content. The benchmark technology to remove nitrogen from natural gas is cryogenic distillation, which is costly and energy intensive. Membrane technology could play a key role in making this separation less energy intensive and therefore economically feasible. Molecular sieve membranes are ideal candidates to remove natural gas impurities because of their exceptional size-exclusion properties, high thermal and chemical resistance. In this review, the state of the art of molecular sieve membranes for N 2 /CH 4 separation, separation mechanisms involved, and future directions of these emerging membranes for natural gas purification are critically discussed. I. NATURAL GAS GENERALITIESThe United States is the world's largest producer of natural gas.1 As of 2015, the United States produces 28.8 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of natural gas per year.2 The United States natural gas production has been increasing every year since 2010, 3 and this increase in production can, in part, be contributed to the increasing use of fracking and other technologies that release previously untapped natural gases in shale.3 According to US Energy Information Administration, the natural gas consumption is expected to rise to 31.6 TCF in 2040. 4 Processing of natural gas is by far the largest industrial gas separation application. 5 Every year close to 100 trillion standard cubic feet of natural gas are used worldwide. This large demand requires an effective technology to process and purify natural gas.Natural gas consists primarily of methane, higher alkanes, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide as shown in Table I. In particular CO 2 and N 2 decrease the heat value of the natural gas. Therefore, it is highly desirable to remove CO 2 and N 2 from natural gas to improve its heat content, and to avoid the erosion of pipelines from CO 2 in the presence of moisture.Approximately 14% of US natural gas contains .4% N 2 .5 However, most pipeline standards require that natural gas contains less than 4% inert gases. N 2 dilutes the heating value of the gas, resulting in lower British thermal units. In the process of purification, it is highly desirable to maintain the gas at high pressure when explored to save recompression costs. In this respect, it is necessary to develop efficient processes to remove N 2 from natural gas. II. NATURAL GAS NITROGEN REJECTION TECHNOLOGIESNitrogen rejection is a challenging technical separation because of the similar molecular size of N 2 (;0.36 nm) His research focuses on molecular gas separations, heterogeneous catalysis, and gas storage, and aims at tackling relevant societal issues related to energy and environment, including carbon dioxide capture and utilization, biomass convers...

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“…Supported membranes are an increasingly important part of chemical separations [1][2][3][4]. They comprise a microporous support underneath a thin, selective, dense membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyimides, and poly (1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) [1,5,9,10]. The microporous support is made out of mechanically rigid and impermeable materials such as polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and ceramic supports [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pore penetration on transport through supported membranes studied by electron microscopy and pervaporation

Shin

Jiang

et al. 2017

Journal of Membrane Science

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A B S T R A C TIt has long been recognized that the performance of supported membranes comprising a thin, selective layer and a microporous support layer, is affected by penetration of the selective layer into the porous support. We have attempted to shed light on this phenomenon using a combination of pervaporation experiments and hard angle dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). We use a nanophase-separated polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane-b-polystyrene (SDS) as the selective layer and microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the support layer. Effective permeabilities of butanol and water were measured as a function of selective layer thickness using a dilute butanol/water mixture as the feed in pervaporation. We were able to estimate the pore penetration layer thickness by comparing experiments with model calculations. We were also able to directly observe the pore penetration by HAADF-STEM. The choice in using a nanophaseseparated block copolymer as the selective layer enabled identification of the regions of pore penetration. The pore penetration layer thickness obtained from the HAADF-STEM micrographs corresponded well with estimates based on pervaporation.

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Membrane-based gas separation

Cited by 1,148 publications

References 131 publications

Effect of gelation conditions on gas separation performance for asymmetric polysulfone membranes

Effect of gelation conditions on gas separation performance for asymmetric polysulfone membranes

Molecular sieve membranes for N₂/CH₄separation

Effect of pore penetration on transport through supported membranes studied by electron microscopy and pervaporation

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Membrane-based gas separation

Cited by 1,148 publications

References 131 publications

Effect of gelation conditions on gas separation performance for asymmetric polysulfone membranes

Effect of gelation conditions on gas separation performance for asymmetric polysulfone membranes

Molecular sieve membranes for N2/CH4separation

Effect of pore penetration on transport through supported membranes studied by electron microscopy and pervaporation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Molecular sieve membranes for N₂/CH₄separation