Membrane-bounded nucleoids in microbial symbionts of marine sponges

Fuerst, John A.; Webb, Richard I.; Garson, Mary J.; Hardy, Lani; Reiswig, Henry M.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13179.x

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Morphotype 6 contains characteristic bleblike structures. Previous reports showed that in morphotypes 1 to 5, the fibrillar DNA is located in the nucleoid, while in morphotype 6, the RNA is contained in the nucleoid and the DNA is located in the cytoplasm (17). Morphotype 6 shows some resemblance to Gemmatimonas aurantiaca, the first cultivated representative of the novel phylum Gemmatimonadetes (56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Altogether, six different morphotypes were found that closely resemble the different subtypes of Australian Great Barrier Reef sponges ( Fig. 3; Table 2) (16,17). Five of the morphotypes contain a membrane-bound organelle that occupies a central position in the cell.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was originated because electron microscopic data suggested the presence of unusual bacteria with membrane-bound nuclear bodies in several sponges (12,16,17,45). Because cell compartmentalization has so far only been observed in the phylum Planctomycetes (14,26), the Planctomycetes-specific FISH probes Pla46 and Pla886 were used as PCR primers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One particular morphotype has gained attention because of a nucleoid-like structure within the microbial cell (16,17). Six different morphological variants were described that resembled the general appearance of sponge-associated morphotype E according to Vacelet (45) and Friedrich et al (12) and morphotype 4 according to Wilkinson (53).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Discovery of the Novel Candidate Phylum “ Poribacteria ” in Marine Sponges

Fieseler

Horn

Wagner

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

278

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marine sponges (Porifera) harbor large amounts of commensal microbial communities within the sponge mesohyl. We employed 16S rRNA gene library construction using specific PCR primers to provide insights into the phylogenetic identity of an abundant sponge-associated bacterium that is morphologically characterized by the presence of a membrane-bound nucleoid. In this study, we report the presence of a previously unrecognized evolutionary lineage branching deeply in the domain Bacteria that is moderately related to the Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Chlamydia lines of decent. Because members of this lineage showed <75% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to known bacterial phyla, we suggest the status of a new candidate phylum, named "Poribacteria", to acknowledge the affiliation of the new bacterium with sponges. The affiliation of the morphologically conspicuous sponge bacterium with the novel phylogenetic lineage was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with newly designed probes targeting different sites of the poribacterial 16S rRNA. Consistent with electron microscopic observations of cell compartmentalization, the fluorescence signals appeared in a ring-shaped manner. PCR screening with "Poribacteria"-specific primers gave positive results for several other sponge species, while samples taken from the environment (seawater, sediments, and a filterfeeding tunicate) were PCR negative. In addition to a report for Planctomycetes, this is the second report of cell compartmentalization, a feature that was considered exclusive to the eukaryotic domain, in prokaryotes.Sponges (Porifera) are ancient metazoans dating back more than 580 million years. They populate tropical and subtropical benthic marine habitats but are also found at higher latitudes and even in freshwater lakes and streams. So far an estimated 15,000 species have been described, but the true diversity is probably much higher (20). Particularly the tropical sponges are known for their colorful appearances and their morphological plasticity, encompassing encrusting, rope, ball, and vase shapes ranging in size from a few millimeters to Ͼ1 m. Sponges are diploblast metazoans that lack true tissues or organs. In spite of their simple organization, genome sequencing has revealed genes encoding functions that are highly homologous to those of their vertebrate analogs (4, 31, 32). As sessile filter feeders, they pump large volumes of water through a specialized canal system, termed the aquiferous system. The filtration capacities of sponges are remarkably efficient (up to 24,000 liters kg Ϫ1 day Ϫ1 ), leaving the expelled water essentially sterile (36,39,44,54). Food particles such as unicellular algae and bacteria are removed from the seawater and translocated into the mesohyl interior. The mesohyl is a collagen scaffold that constitutes much of the sponge body. Single amoeboid sponge cells, termed archaeocytes, move freely through the mesohyl matrix and digest food particles by phagocytosis (3,5).The presence of large amounts of microorgani...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Discovery of the Novel Candidate Phylum “ Poribacteria ” in Marine Sponges

Fieseler

Horn

Wagner

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

278

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They were detected in the water column and sediments of fresh water lakes (Neef et al, 1998;Miskin et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2002;Kalyuzhnaya et al, 2004Kalyuzhnaya et al, , 2005a, hot springs (Giovannoni et al, 1987a), in the water column (DeLong et al, 1993;Vergin et al, 1998;Gade et al, 2004) as well as in shallow and deep sea sediments of marine systems (LlobetBrossa et al, 1998;Rusch et al, 2003;Inagaki et al, 2006;Musat et al, 2006) and in oxic and anoxic soils (Wang et al, 2002). Furthermore, planctomycetes have been detected in marine sponges (Fuerst et al, 1998Pimentel-Elardo et al, 2003) and in the hepatopancreas of the crustacean Panaeus monodon (Fuerst et al, 1991, in freshwater (Crump et al, 1999), marine detritus particles (DeLong et al, 1993;Fuerst, 1995;Crump et al, 1999) and attached to diatoms (Morris et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fosmids of novel marine Planctomycetes from the Namibian and Oregon coast upwelling systems and their cross-comparison with planctomycete genomes

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Planctomycetes are widely distributed in marine environments, where they supposedly play a role in carbon recycling. To deepen our understanding about the ecology of this sparsely studied phylum six planctomycete fosmids from two marine upwelling systems were investigated and compared with all available planctomycete genomic sequences including the as yet unpublished nearcomplete genomes of Blastopirellula marina DSM 3645 T and Planctomyces maris DSM 8797 T . High numbers of sulfatase genes (41-109) were found on all marine planctomycete genomes and on two fosmids (2). Furthermore, C1 metabolism genes otherwise only known from methanogenic Archaea and methylotrophic Proteobacteria were found on two fosmids and all planctomycete genomes, except for 'Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis'. Codon usage analysis indicated high expression levels for some of these genes. In addition, novel large families of planctomycete-specific paralogs with as yet unknown functions were identified, which are notably absent from the genome of 'Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis'. The high numbers of sulfatases in marine planctomycetes characterizes them as specialists for the initial breakdown of sulfatated heteropolysaccharides and indicate their importance for recycling carbon from these compounds. The almost ubiquitous presence of C1 metabolism genes among Planctomycetes together with codon usage analysis and information from the genomes suggest a general importance of these genes for Planctomycetes other than formaldehyde detoxification. The notable absence of these genes in Candidatus K. stuttgartiensis plus the surprising lack of almost any planctomycete-specific gene within this organism reveals an unexpected distinctiveness of anammox bacteria from all other Planctomycetes.

show abstract

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes: what's the difference?

Bendich

Drlica²

2000

Bioessays

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Membrane-bounded nucleoids in microbial symbionts of marine sponges

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Discovery of the Novel Candidate Phylum “ Poribacteria ” in Marine Sponges

Discovery of the Novel Candidate Phylum “ Poribacteria ” in Marine Sponges

Fosmids of novel marine Planctomycetes from the Namibian and Oregon coast upwelling systems and their cross-comparison with planctomycete genomes

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes: what's the difference?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About