2016
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061114-123202
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Membrane Desalination: Where Are We, and What Can We Learn from Fundamentals?

Abstract: Although thermal desalination technology provides potable water in arid regions (e.g., Israel and the Gulf), its relatively high cost has limited application to less arid regions with large populations (e.g., California). Energy-intensive distillation is currently being replaced with less costly pressure- and electrically driven membrane-based processes. Reverse osmosis (RO) is a preferred membrane technology owing to process and pre- and posttreatment improvements that have significantly reduced energy requir… Show more

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Cited by 53 publications
(59 citation statements)
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“…Omitting one of these "legs" in evaluating the performance capability or in comparing am embrane filtration process with other separation methods gives incorrect and misleading results. [5] Another and more-subtle requirement when comparing the filtration performance of different membranes during liquid filtration is the need to compare the performance for the same volume permeated or on an energy consumption basis. [6] Several exciting new reports on gas separations with membranes,have recently focused on selectivity and in some cases on capacity.…”
Section: Three Legsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Omitting one of these "legs" in evaluating the performance capability or in comparing am embrane filtration process with other separation methods gives incorrect and misleading results. [5] Another and more-subtle requirement when comparing the filtration performance of different membranes during liquid filtration is the need to compare the performance for the same volume permeated or on an energy consumption basis. [6] Several exciting new reports on gas separations with membranes,have recently focused on selectivity and in some cases on capacity.…”
Section: Three Legsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To maintain desirable selectivity for ap articular separation and an economically acceptable permeation flux with time or accumulated permeate volume,o ne must also consider and minimize mass transfer limitations,i .e., the Achilles heel of liquid membrane separation processes. [5] CP and Fare two related but separate phenomena that occur to different extents depending on the composition of the liquid feed and the synthetic membrane processes being considered. CP is the result of selective transport of some species over other species through the membrane.R etained species accumulate in the feed solution adjacent to the membrane and may induce areverse osmotic driving force,the extent to which depends on the solute type (i.e.l arge,m edium, and small effects with salt, proteins and colloids,r espectively).…”
Section: Mass Transfer Limitationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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