Membrane distillation - a theoretical study of evaporation through microporous membranes

Jönsson, Ann‐Sofi; Wimmerstedt, Roland; Harrysson, AC

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(85)85028-1

Cited by 145 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The configuration has the highest energy efficiency, but the flux obtained is generally low. The air gap configuration can be widely employed for most membrane distillation applications [20], particularly where energy availability is low.…”

Section: Configurations Of Membrane Distillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, if a low temperature feed is used as the cooling stream in this configuration, the latent heat can be recovered through the condensation of the vapor on the cooling plate. However, AGMD typically has a low flux, due to the low temperature difference [6,20,32] across the membrane and therefore larger surface areas are required.…”

Section: Configurations Of Membrane Distillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Membrane Distillation for Water Desalination and Purification Applications

Camacho

Dumée

Zhang

et al. 2013

Water

643

342

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Membrane distillation is a process that utilizes differences in vapor pressure to permeate water through a macro-porous membrane and reject other non-volatile constituents present in the influent water. This review considers the fundamental heat and mass transfer processes in membrane distillation, recent advances in membrane technology, module configurations, and the applications and economics of membrane distillation, and identifies areas that may lead to technological improvements in membrane distillation as well as the application characteristics required for commercial deployment. Keywordsa function of temperature, vapor pressure, and of the gas molecular mass K 0 membrane characteristic defined by Equation (9) Kn Knudsen number K(T) a function of temperature and molecular weight of the gas l mean free path of the molecules l m distance between parallel spacer fibres (m) LEP Limit Entry Pressure (kPa) M molecular mass (g/mol) M w molecular weights of water (g/mol) M a molecular weights of air (g/mol) n number of CNTs per unit cross section in bucky-paper P pressure in the air gap (kPa) half time to reach the maximum intensity-laser flash technique (s) t proportion of conductive heat (balance due to evaporative heat) loss through the membrane T mean temperature in the pores (K)

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Section: Configurations Of Membrane Distillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Configurations Of Membrane Distillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Membrane Distillation for Water Desalination and Purification Applications

Camacho

Dumée

Zhang

et al. 2013

Water

643

342

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[15][16] MD-related research became very active in the 1980s due to the availability of new membranes. [17][18][19][20][21] Four major configurations of the MD system have been proposed, which differ in how the permeate liquid is processed on the cold side of the membrane; [22][23] these configurations are known as direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD), [24][25] air gap membrane distillation (AGMD), [26][27] sweep gas membrane distillation (SGMD), [28][29] and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination by Membrane Distillation using Electrospun Polyamide Fiber Membranes with Surface Fluorination by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Guo

Servi

Liu

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

137

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Fibrous membranes of poly(trimethyl hexamethylene terephthalamide) (PA6(3)T) were fabricated by electrospinning and rendered hydrophobic by applying a conformal coating of poly-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) (PPFDA) using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). A set of iCVD-treated electrospun PA6(3)T fiber membranes with fiber diameters ranging from 0.25 to 1.8 µm were tested for desalination using the air gap membrane distillation configuration. Permeate fluxes of 2 to 11 kg/m 2 /hr were observed for temperature differentials of 20 °C to 45 °C between the feed stream and condenser plate, with rejections in excess of 99.98%. The liquid entry pressure was observed to increase dramatically, from 15 to 373 kPa with reduction in fiber diameter. Contrary to expectation, for a given feed temperature the permeate flux was observed to increase for membranes of decreasing fiber diameter. The results for permeate flux and salt rejection show that it is possible to construct membranes for membrane distillation even from intrinsically hydrophilic materials after surface modification by iCVD, and that the fiber diameter is shown to play an important role on the membrane distillation performance in terms of permeate flux, salt rejection, and liquid entry pressure.

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“…Membrane distillation is a process that applied differences in vapour pressure to permeate water vapour through hydrophobic membrane sheet and reject non-volatile component present in the water. A.S Jonsson et al [1] stated that Findley was the first to link the separation techniques now known as membrane distillation (MD). Membrane distillation differs from other membrane technologies since the driving force for desalination is not the total pressure of water through the membrane but the difference in vapour pressure of water across the membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flux Prediction in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Lawal¹,

Khalifa²

2014

IJMMM

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Abstract-Membrane distillation (MD) is a potential mean of water desalination. MD is a thermally driven desalination technology that has been employed in four basic configurations. One of these configuration is Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD). In DCMD, both hot and cold solution is maintained in direct contact with micro porous hydrophobic membrane material. Heat and mass transfer analysis was performed on DCMD. Based on Kinetic theory of gas, the performance of different models of membrane permeability (coefficient) was investigated under different DCMD operating parameters (feed temperature, coolant temperature and feed flow rate). Knudsen number provides the guideline in identifying the type of model of mass transfer to be considered under any given experimental conditions.Results revealed that for a given pore size under the same simulation and experimental conditions, Transition (KnudsenMolecular diffusion) type of flow model predictions is in good agreement with the experimental results. Hence the best model to be consider for flux prediction in DCMD. The effect of membrane pore size was also studied. Results showed that permeate flux increases with increase in pore size up to the critical pore condition where the flux prediction remain constant (unchanged).Index Terms-Desalination, direct contact membrane distillation, flux prediction, hydrophobic membrane material.

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Membrane distillation - a theoretical study of evaporation through microporous membranes

Cited by 145 publications

References 3 publications

Advances in Membrane Distillation for Water Desalination and Purification Applications

Advances in Membrane Distillation for Water Desalination and Purification Applications

Desalination by Membrane Distillation using Electrospun Polyamide Fiber Membranes with Surface Fluorination by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Flux Prediction in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

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