Membrane electroporaton — fast molecular exchange by electroosmosis

Dimitrov, Dimiter S.; Sowers, Arthur E.

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(90)90289-z

Cited by 150 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This mechanism has been investigated extensively in vitro. [20][21][22][23] Although direct in vivo evidence remains to be found, the importance of electrophoresis for DNA transport across the plasma membrane of cells has been suggested indirectly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromobility of plasmid DNA in tumor tissues during electric field-mediated gene delivery

Zaharoff

et al. 2002

Gene Ther

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromobility of plasmid DNA in tumor tissues during electric field-mediated gene delivery

Zaharoff

et al. 2002

Gene Ther

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“…The stability and the ability of DNA to express and to integrate into host chromosome may be affected the topology of DNA. 9) Xie et al 18 ) have suggested that DNA translocation across the plasma membrane is driven by the electrophoretic motive force, and that only DNA bound to the cell surface is able to enter the cells effectively. For molecular biologists working with B. subtilis, the electrotransformation for three topological forms of plasmid DNA will make them an important addition to the researcher's techniques.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of DNA Topology on Transformation Efficiency ofBacillus subtilisISW1214 by Electroporation

Ohse

Kawade

Kusaoke

1997

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…The net flow ofdye was into the cells at the anode-facing (+) hemisphere and outward at the cathode-facing (-) hemisphere. This unidirectional molecular exchange was faster than could be accounted for by diffusion alone (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It has been commonly assumed that the mechanism of exchange of molecules across the membrane is diffusional. Recent research by Sowers (20) and Dimitrov and Sowers (8) indicate that an active process, which the authors called electroosmosis, may be the dominating mechanism of molecular exchange. They observed the transfer of fluorescent dyes, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, and N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) glucosamine through electropores induced in erythrocyte ghost membranes when the ghosts were subjected to electrical pulses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrofusion and Electroporation of Plants

Wert¹,

Saunders²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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The utilization of electrofusion and electroporation techniques has had a major impact on the genetic manipulation of plants within the last decade. This review of the development of electrofusion and electroporation, as it applies to plants, highlights major developmental aspects of this technology. These include mechanisms for cell fusion, molecular exchange, and parameters that affect the efficiency of fusion and electroporation.Electrofusion (electric field-induced cell-to-cell fusion) and electroporation (electric field-mediated membrane permeabilization) are simple procedures that may be used for altering the genetic make-up of organisms. Both cells when a weak AC current passes through the membrane suspension cause the cells between the electrodes to become aligned in chain-like aggregates, often referred to as "pearl chains." It has been suggested that the AC field modifies numerous membrane molecules and ultimately causes the formation of lipid domains by the migration of protein subunits within the cell membrane (23). Subsequent application of a higher strength DC pulse(s) results in the reversible breakdown of the cell membrane (electrical breakdown) and the formation of pores in the zone of membrane contact. Fusion is most effective when the direction of the field is perpendicular to the plane of the cell membranes that are in contact. The membrane breakdown is asymmetric, with pores first forming at the charged poles, and pore formation then spreading over the entire membrane surface (5).Electrical breakdown is the primary process responsible for the initiation of fusion. The process is reversible, but the recovery time may vary among different membrane types (20). In any case, electrical breakdown is irreversible if either the field strength or the pulse duration exceed critical threshold levels (23). Effective electrical breakdown can occur through a variety of combinations of field strengths and pulse durations when one is increased while the other is decreased. The mechanism of fusion is unclear, however; it may occur when random collision of free hydrophobic edges of the pores in separate membranes result in membrane continuity.Electrofusion can also be induced when the DC pulse is applied to cells first and then the membranes are brought in contact with an AC field (20). This procedure is referred to as the PF protocol, whereas the original procedure of dielectrophoresis followed by the fusion pulse is referred to as the CF protocol. Fusion nearly always coincides with the application ofa pulse when the CF protocol is used. When the PF protocol is used, fusion occurs only when the membranes are brought into contact, reflecting the presence of long-lived fusogenic membrane modifications. Fusion yields are generally higher using the CF protocol, probably due to the large peak diameter of electropores present when membranes are in close contact, compared with the residual pores that would be present at the time of contact when the PF protocol is used.Early skepticism regarding the viabi...

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Membrane electroporaton — fast molecular exchange by electroosmosis

Cited by 150 publications

References 35 publications

Electromobility of plasmid DNA in tumor tissues during electric field-mediated gene delivery

Electromobility of plasmid DNA in tumor tissues during electric field-mediated gene delivery

Effects of DNA Topology on Transformation Efficiency ofBacillus subtilisISW1214 by Electroporation

Electrofusion and Electroporation of Plants

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