Membrane estrogen receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor

Casarini, Livio; Simoni, Manuela

doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.005

Vitamins and Hormones

2023

DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.005

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Membrane estrogen receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor

Livio Casarini

Manuela Simoni

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2024

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Hormonal and Allosteric Regulation of the Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor

Shpakov

2024

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (CG), like follicle-stimulating hormone, are the most important regulators of the reproductive system. They exert their effect on the cell through the LH/CG receptor (LHCGR), which belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors. Binding to gonadotropin induces the interaction of LHCGR with various types of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gs, Gq/11, Gi) and β-arrestins, which leads to stimulation (Gs) or inhibition (Gi) of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent cascades, activation of the phospholipase pathway (Gq/11), and also to the formation of signalosomes that mediate the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (β-arrestins). The efficiency and selectivity of activation of intracellular cascades by different gonadotropins varies, which is due to differences in their interaction with the ligand-binding site of LHCGR. Gonadotropin signaling largely depends on the status of N- and O-glycosylation of LH and CG, on the formation of homo- and heterodimeric receptor complexes, on the cell-specific microenvironment of LHCGR and the presence of autoantibodies to it, and allosteric mechanisms are important in the implementation of these influences, which is due to the multiplicity of allosteric sites in different loci of the LHCGR. The development of low-molecular-weight allosteric regulators of LHCGR with different profiles of pharmacological activity, which can be used in medicine for the correction of reproductive disorders and in assisted reproductive technologies, is promising. These and other issues regarding the hormonal and allosteric regulation of LHCGR are summarized and discussed in this review.

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Hormonal and Allosteric Regulation of the Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor

Shpakov

2024

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Membrane estrogen receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor

Cited by 1 publication

References 154 publications

Hormonal and Allosteric Regulation of the Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor

Hormonal and Allosteric Regulation of the Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor

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