Membrane Lipids in Senescing Flower Tissue of <i>Ipomoea tricolor</i>

Beutelmann, Peter; Kende, Hans

doi:10.1104/pp.59.5.888

Cited by 74 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Because only total phospholipid levels have been determined, it is not known if the rate of loss of phospholipids in the various subcellular organelles proceeds in parallel or if the membranes of certain organelles are preferentially affected. These results are in general agreement with other investigations (1,2,12) which have demonstrated that loss of membrane integrity during senescence is accompanied by losses of phospholipids.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Senescence of isolated segments of Ipomoea flowers is accompanied by an abrupt increase in membrane permeability (6) and a large decline in phospholipid content (1). However, because phospholipid content has not been directly correlated to the onset of permeability changes within this tissue, it is again difficult to assess the role of phospholipid loss in the observed increases in membrane permeability.…”

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confidence: 90%

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Ethylene Action and Loss of Membrane Integrity during Petal Senescence in Tradescantia

Suttle

Kende²

1980

Plant Physiol.

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112

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Senescence of isolated petals of Tradescantia is accompanied by a large increase in membrane permeability, and application of ethylene hastens the onset of this increase. There is a 1-to 2.5-hour lag between ethylene application and the onset of anthocyanin efflux (an indicator of increased membrane permeability). Simultaneous application of 0.1 miimolar cordycepin or cycloheximide with ethylene abolishes the response to ethylene. Analysis of phospholipid levels in these petals during senescence has shown that the increase in membrane permeability is accompanied by a massive loss of phospholipids. Factors which enhance or retard the rate of anthocyanin efflux exert a corresponding effect on the rate of phospholipid loss. The composition of the phospholipid fraction remains unchanged during senescence. The activity of phospholipase D declines during senescence whereas that of acyl hydrolase remains essentialiy constant.Increased membrane permeability is a characteristic attribute of senescing plant tissues (2,6,11,14,15). Desiccation of leaves, wilting of petals, and enhanced efflux of cellular constituents such as vacuolar pigments, sugars, and electrolytes are all gross manifestations of more subtle changes in membrane integrity that occur during senescence. Because many aspects of membrane permeability are associated with the composition and organization of the lipid components of membranes (12), considerable attention has been focused on changes in membrane lipids (primarily phospholipids) during senescence. The loss of membrane integrity that occurs during leaf senescence is correlated with a large decline in the phospholipid content (2). However, because of the long intervals between the determinations, it is difficult to discern whether changes in phospholipid content precede the increase in cellular permeability, or vice versa.Ephemeral flowers offer a unique opportunity to study the temporal sequence of biochemical changes attending senescence. Senescence of isolated segments of Ipomoea flowers is accompanied by an abrupt increase in membrane permeability (6) and a large decline in phospholipid content (1). However, because phospholipid content has not been directly correlated to the onset of permeability changes within this tissue, it is again difficult to assess the role of phospholipid loss in the observed increases in membrane permeability.During (14). Petals were isolated from fully opened flowers which were excised from the plant early on the morning of flower opening. Prior to use, the petals were stored in a glass Petri dish containing a disc of water-saturated filter paper to prevent desiccation. Ethylene production was determined in 1-ml gas samples by GC (14). Simultaneous Determination of Anthocyanin and ElectrolyteLeakage. Two groups of 18 petals each were floated on glassdistilled H20 for 1 h. The petals were then placed on 8 ml of glassdistilled deionized H20 in 50-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. The flasks were sealed with serum vial caps, and ethylene was added to one flask to yield a fin...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Ethylene Action and Loss of Membrane Integrity during Petal Senescence in Tradescantia

Suttle

Kende²

1980

Plant Physiol.

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112

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“…Loss of membrane fatty acids is an inherent feature of senescence (2,3,16), and thus it is to be expected that phospholipases contribute to membrane deterioration. The products of phospholipase A2 activity are fatty acids and lysophosphatides.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, during senescence there is a pronounced loss of membrane phospholipid that has been attributed to fatty acid deesterification (2,3,16 Figure 4. Microsomal membranes alone possess ethyleneproducing capability, but this was increased in the presence of phospholipase A2 and inceased still further when Ca:Calmodulin was present as well (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Membrane Deterioration during Senescence of Pea Foliage

Leshem¹,

Sridhara²,

Thompson³

1984

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACrThe prospect that Ca+2 promotes senescence by activating al has been e d using cut pea (Pisan satiwm co Aska) foliasge a model system. Senescence was induced by severing 17-day-old plats from their roots and mainting them in aqueous test solu in the dark for an additiona 4 days. Treatment of the foliage with the Ca2+ ionophore (A23187) during the senescence-inductio period promoted a laterd phase separtion of the bulk lipids in mirosom membranes indicating that intention of Ca2+ failitates membrae deterioation. In addition, microsomal membres from ionophore-treated tissue displayed an in capacity to convert 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid to ethylene and an increased propensity to produce the superoxide anion (02-). Treatment (23). These compounds are able to translocate Ca2+ from an aqueous phase across the intact bilayer into another aqueous compartment, are permselective with respect to the two major divalent cations of physiological fluids (Ca > Mg), and do not lyse the membrane. This observation is of particular significance in the context of senescing tissues because there is now evidence that free radical-mediated peroxidation of membrane lipids is a characteristic feature of senescence (3). Moreover, products of membrane lipid peroxidation, which would include oxidized di-and trienoic fatty acids, apparently accumulate in membrane matrices with advancing senescence and contribute to lateral phase separations in the lipid bilayers of senescing membranes (1).Exogenous Ca2' has been shown to delay senescence of apple tissue slices, in particular ethylene production and the onset of lipid peroxidation (9). However, this effect has been attributed to the ability of Ca2" to rigidify the surfaces of lipid bilayers by acting as a divalent ligand (7)

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“…I. nil and the closely related I. tricolor have been widely used in previous studies on petal senescence (Winkenbach 1970;Matile and Winkenbach 1971;Baumgartner et al 1975;Beutelmann and Kende 1977). The purpose of the present paper was to establish if there is chromatin fragmentation or nuclear fragmentation during PCD in the petals of this species, and if so, how its time line is related to other PCD parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nuclear fragmentation and DNA degradation during programmed cell death in petals of morning glory (Ipomoea nil)

Yamada

Takatsu²,

Kasumi³

et al. 2006

Planta

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We studied DNA degradation and nuclear fragmentation during programmed cell death (PCD) in petals of Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Xowers. The DNA degradation, as observed on agarose gels, showed a large increase. Using DAPI, which stains DNA, and Xow cytometry for DAPI Xuorescence, we found that the number of DNA masses per petal at least doubled. This indicated chromatin fragmentation, either inside or outside the nucleus. Staining with the cationic lipophilic Xuoroprobe DiOC 6 indicated that each DNA mass had an external membrane. Fluorescence microscopy of the nuclei and DNA masses revealed an initial decrease in diameter together with chromatin condensation. The diameters of these condensed nuclei were about 70% of original. Two populations of nuclear diameter, one with an average diameter about half of the other, were observed at initial stages of nuclear fragmentation. The diameter of the DNA masses then gradually decreased further. The smallest observed DNA masses had a diameter less than 10% of that of the original nucleus. Cycloheximide treatment arrested the cytometrically determined changes in DNA Xuorescence, indicating protein synthesis requirement. Ethylene inhibitors (AVG and 1-MCP) had no eVect on the cytometrically determined DNA changes, suggesting that these processes are not controlled by endogenous ethylene.

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Membrane Lipids in Senescing Flower Tissue of Ipomoea tricolor

Cited by 74 publications

References 12 publications

Ethylene Action and Loss of Membrane Integrity during Petal Senescence in Tradescantia

Ethylene Action and Loss of Membrane Integrity during Petal Senescence in Tradescantia

Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Membrane Deterioration during Senescence of Pea Foliage

Nuclear fragmentation and DNA degradation during programmed cell death in petals of morning glory (Ipomoea nil)

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