“…Nanocarriers have aroused a great deal of interest in the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of cancer. − In particular, theranostic nanosystems have been realized on nanocarriers by binding both active drug ingredients and disease detection components through covalent bonds, weak interactions, and other physical means. − By utilizing tumor-specific phenomena and interactions, namely, an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, , specific ligand binding, − and an endogenous microenvironment and exogenous stimuli, , these nanosystems are able to target the lesion site and release the therapeutic agents in a responsive manner. ,− As a result, targeted nanosystems exhibit superior performance over single drug or single detection component systems at the same dose. − For example, the solubility of hydrophobic drugs such as paclitaxel, camptothecin, docetaxel, and others is significantly improved when uploaded into micellar nanocarriers. − This approach also eliminates the need for organic solvents, thus improving the overall safety and efficacy of the drug delivery. Dendronized polymers, liposomes, − polymer micelles, polymer-drug conjugates, , polymer vesicles, , carbon nanotubes, , silica nanoparticles, − iron oxide nanoparticles, , gold nanoparticles, − etc ., have all been investigated as nanocarriers. Among them, polymer micelles, liposomes, and polymer-drug conjugates are perceived as the most promising candidates and have received a great deal of interest in fundamental research and even clinical studies .…”