Membrane Photobioreactor Applied for Municipal Wastewater Treatment at a High Solids Retention Time: Effects of Microalgae Decay on Treatment Performance and Biomass Properties

Abstract

Membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) technology is a microalgae-based system that can simultaneously realize nutrient recovery and microalgae cultivation in a single step. Current research is mainly focused on the operation of MPBR at a medium SRT. The operation of MPBR at a high SRT is rarely reported in MPBR studies. Therefore, this study conducted a submerged MPBR to treat synthetic municipal wastewater at a long solids retention time of 50 d. It was found that serious microalgae decay occurred on day 23. A series of characterizations, including the biomass concentration, chlorophyll-a content, nutrients removal, and physical-chemical properties of the microalgae, were conducted to evaluate how microalgae decay affects the treatment performance and biomass properties. The results showed that the biomass concentration and chlorophyll-a/MLSS dropped rapidly from 3.48 to 1.94 g/L and 34.56 to 10.71 mg/g, respectively, after the occurrence of decay. The effluent quality significantly deteriorated, corresponding to the total effluent nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration sharply rising and exceeding that of the feed. In addition, the particle became larger, the content of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) decreased, and the soluble microbial products (SMPs) increased instantaneously. However, the filtration resistance had no significant increase because of the comprehensive interactions of the floc size, EPSs, and SMPs. The above results suggest that the MPBR system cannot maintain long-term operation under a high SRT for municipal wastewater treatment. In addition, the biological treatment performance of the MPBR deteriorated while the antifouling performance of the microalgae flocs improved after the occurrence of decay. The occurrence of microalgae decay was attributed to the double stresses from the light shading and intraspecific competition under high biomass concentration. Therefore, to avoid microalgae decay, periodic biomass removal is required to control the environmental stress within the tolerance range of the microalgae. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanism of the occurrence of decay.

Methods for the separation of hydraulic retention time and solids retention time in the application of photosynthetic microorganisms in photobioreactors: a review

“…The diffusion of certain compounds and the rate of mass transfer through the membrane can readily be manipulated by altering the fluid pressure or pore size in the membrane PBR. A disadvantage which is inevitable with membrane PBRs is the clogging effect which cells will have on the membrane pores and the detrimental effects that the high pressures and shear stresses have on the cell viability (Zou et al 2022 ).…”

Membrane Technologies for Nitrogen Recovery from Waste Streams: Scientometrics and Technical Analysis

“…However, the collated results in this study were gathered from investigations that used synthetic wastewater or real wastewater in a controlled environment for short tests. Several challenges face the full-scale application of PBRMs for nutrient recovery such as the adaptability of microalgae to changes in water quality and environment, the complex physical-biological process that is hard to optimize, irreversible fouling caused by external algal organic matter, maintenance of certain microbial diversity throughout the process and instability of the system for long term operations [ 261 , 267 ]. PBRMs can be a promising nutrient recovery technology for content defined and stable streams, but not for common waste streams that are known by the dynamicity of their quality.…”

rGO induced enhanced antifouling properties in electrospun PVA–rGO nanocomposite membranes

“…These foulants contribute to the formation of bio-films, which is a major problem in pressure-driven processes. 4 The pre-treatment of the effluent with coagulants, flocculants, and antiscalants helps in reducing the rate of fouling as it removes or controls deposition of fouling agents. This eventually makes the separation processes slow and increases the operating pressure requirements.…”