Membrane preconcentration as an efficient tool to reduce the energy consumption of perfluorohexanoic acid electrochemical treatment

Soriano, Álvaro; Gorri, Daniel; Urtiaga, Ane

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.050

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, the electrooxidation of HFPO-DA at a BDD anode was E EO = 237 kWh m −3 when concentrated by nanofiltration and was E EO = 1,470 kWh m −3 without the preconcentration step. 28 Soriano et al 112 used a commercial spiral wound NF90 membrane coupled to a BDD anode to remove PFHxA from industrial process water and reported 59% lower specific energy consumption (11.6 kWh m −3 ) compared to electrolysis alone.…”

Section: Sce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Facing the Challenge of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Water: Is Electrochemical Oxidation the Answer?

Radjenović

Duinslaeger

Avval

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

156

103

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Electrochemical treatment systems have the unique ability to completely mineralize poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) through potential-driven electron transfer reactions. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art on electrooxidation of PFASs in water, aiming at elucidating the impact of different operational and design parameters, as well as reported mechanisms of PFAS degradation at the anode surface. We have identified several shortcomings of the existing studies that are largely limited to smallscale laboratory batch systems and unrealistic synthetic solutions, which makes extrapolation of the obtained data to real-world applications difficult. PFASs are surfactant molecules, which display significant concentrationdependence on adsorption, electrosorption, and dissociation. Electrooxidation experiments conducted with high initial PFAS concentration and/or in high conductivity supporting electrolytes likely overestimate process performance. In addition, the formation of organohalogen byproducts, chlorate and perchlorate, was seldom considered. Nevertheless, the first step toward advancing from laboratory-scale to industrial-scale applications is recognizing both the strengths and limitations of electrochemical water treatment systems. More comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of novel electrode materials, application of scalable proof-of-concept studies, and acknowledgment of all treatment outputs (not just the positive ones) are imperative. The presence of PFASs in drinking water and in the environment is an urgent global public health issue. Developments made in material science and application of novel threedimensional, porous electrode materials and nanostructured coatings are forging a path toward more sustainable water treatment technologies and potential chemical-free treatment of PFAS-contaminated water.

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Section: Sce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Facing the Challenge of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Water: Is Electrochemical Oxidation the Answer?

Radjenović

Duinslaeger

Avval

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

156

103

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“…Hence, efforts must also be directed toward developing innovative technologies which can more effectively remove the PFOA and PFOS substitutes currently used from real water matrices. 25 In our previous work 26 we studied a hybrid nanofiltration−electrooxidation strategy for the removal of PFHxA (60−200 mg L −1 ) and moderate amounts of dissolved salts from process waters from fluoropolymer manufacturing. The resulting treated water was a mixture of the permeate from the membrane separation stage and the product water obtained after anodic oxidation of the retentate from the membrane unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the volume of activated carbon that is needed to treat real industrial effluents with high PFHxA concentration is very high and it increases the treatment costs. Hence, efforts must also be directed toward developing innovative technologies which can more effectively remove the PFOA and PFOS substitutes currently used from real water matrices . In our previous work we studied a hybrid nanofiltration–electrooxidation strategy for the removal of PFHxA (60–200 mg L –1 ) and moderate amounts of dissolved salts from process waters from fluoropolymer manufacturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of High Flux Membrane for the Effective Removal of Short-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids

Soriano

Gorri

Urtiaga

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Nowadays persistent perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) ubiquity in the environment is a result of its increasing use as substitute of longer chain perfluorocarboxylic acids. In this study, five nanofiltration (NF270, NF90) and reverse osmosis (XLE, BW30 and SW30XLE) membranes were analyzed in the separation of PFHxA at elevated concentrations (100 mg L–1) relevant in industrial effluents of the production of fluorinated polymers. Experiments assessed the influence of the operation pressure, pH, and ionic strength. The NF270 membrane achieved the highest permeate flux, although PFHxA rejection was typically the lowest of all membranes and was negatively affected in the acidic pH range. The NF90, XLE, and BW30 membranes achieved PFHxA observed rejections over 99%, but only NF90 and XLE membranes attained suitable water permeability. Finally, both XLE and NF90 membranes were selected to provide the lowest PFHxA concentration in the permeate (0.2 mg L–1 at 10 bar). However, when the ionic strength was further increased the electrostatic repulsion to perfluorohexanoate was weakened and the size exclusion mechanism contribution increased, thus making the membranes more permeable to PFHxA. Our results demonstrate that proper selection of NF/RO membranes is a critical issue for the design of treatments for industrial effluents containing short chain PFCAs.

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“…The characteristics of two nanofiltration membranes, NF90 and NF270 commercialized by Dow Filmtec, were considered for this study. Both membranes were previously tested at laboratory scale (Soriano et al, 2019a(Soriano et al, , 2019b for the separation of PFHxA.…”

Section: Description Of the Integrated Process Including Membrane Pre-concentration Coupled To Electrooxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where Lp is the empirically determined membrane permeability (Soriano et al, 2019a(Soriano et al, , 2019b. The osmotic pressure difference (in psi) between both sides of the membrane is calculated according to Eq.…”

Section: Process Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimization model for the treatment of perfluorocarboxylic acids considering membrane preconcentration and BDD electrooxidation

et al. 2019

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Membrane preconcentration as an efficient tool to reduce the energy consumption of perfluorohexanoic acid electrochemical treatment

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Facing the Challenge of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Water: Is Electrochemical Oxidation the Answer?

Facing the Challenge of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Water: Is Electrochemical Oxidation the Answer?

Selection of High Flux Membrane for the Effective Removal of Short-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids

An optimization model for the treatment of perfluorocarboxylic acids considering membrane preconcentration and BDD electrooxidation

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