Membrane Processes

Abstract

This review, for literature published in 2012, contains information related to membrane processes for municipal and industrial applications. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following topics: pretreatment, membrane bioreactor (MBR) configuration, design, nutrient removal, operation, industrial treatment, fixed film and anaerobic membrane systems, reuse, microconstituents removal, membrane technology advances, membrane fouling, and modeling. Other sub‐sections of the Treatment Systems section that might relate to this literature review include: Biological Fixed‐Film Systems, Activated Sludge and Other Aerobic Suspended Culture Processes, Anaerobic Processes, Water Reclamation and Reuse. The following sections might also have related information on membrane processes: Industrial Wastes, Hazardous Wastes, and Fate and Effects of Pollutants.

Solution for Sustainable Development for Developing Countries: Waste Water Treatment by Use of Membranes - A Review

“…The membrane processes for municipal and industrial applications cover the pretreatment, MBR configuration, membranes fouling, fixed film and anaerobic MBR, membranes technology advances and modeling [7]. Most review articles related to integrated MBR are anaerobic MBR (AnMBR) which has the advantage of reducing organic matter and producing energy under anaerobic processes [8].…”

Effect of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone on Polyvinyl Chloride-Graft-Acrylamide Membranes

“…ultrafiltration (UF) with small pores about (0.01-0.1 μm) which able to separate large particles and micro-organisms and other particles with sizes ranging about (0.01-0.2 μm). UF membranes had many uses in wastewater treatment, water reprocessing, food remediation, separation of protein, and beyond [3,5]. NF-membranes are porous and can filter types with size ranging about (0.001 -0.01 μm).…”

The Key Role of Modifications in Biointerfaces toward Rendering Antibacterial and Antifouling Properties in Polymeric Membranes for Water Remediation: A Critical Assessment

“…UF membranes are porous membranes like MF membranes but have smaller pores of ≈0.01–0.1 µm. Because of its reduced pores, in addition to the rejection of particulates and bacterial pathogens, it can filter biomolecules, such as proteins . The membrane's efficiency in filtering particle size contaminants is generally done by molecular weight cut off (MWCO) experiments, which were introduced by Amicon Corporation in the 1960s .…”

“…Its performance in terms of contaminant remediation lies between RO and UF membranes and it can filter organic moieties, pathogenic viruses, and salts ions. [22,23] 1. [23] These membranes can potentially filter low salt ions, minerals, and heavy metal contaminants in addition to the organic molecules.…”