Membrane properties of rat locus coeruleus neurones

Williams, John T.; North, Richard; Shefner, Sarah A.; Nishi, S.; Egan, Terrance M.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(84)90265-3

Cited by 321 publications

(219 citation statements)

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“…3A). These neurons had other features which are also typical of noradrenaline neurons (Williams et al, 1984) including a shoulder on the falling phase of the action potential, a prominent A-current (Fig. 3B), large regenerative calcium spikes in the presence of TTX and were found to stain for TyH (n = 4, Figure 3C).…”

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confidence: 79%

Electrophysiological characterization of neurons in the dorsolateral pontine rapid-eye-movement sleep induction zone of the rat: Intrinsic membrane properties and responses to carbachol and orexins

et al. 2006

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Pharmacological, lesion and single-unit recording techniques in several animal species have identified a region of the pontine reticular formation (Subcoeruleus, SubC) just ventral to the locus coeruleus as critically involved in the generation of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. However, the intrinsic membrane properties and responses of SubC neurons to neurotransmitters important in REM sleep control, such as acetylcholine and orexins/hypocretins, have not previously been examined in any animal species and thus were targeted in this study.We obtained whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from visually identified SubC neurons in rat brain slices in vitro. Two groups of large neurons (mean diameter 30 and 27μm) were tentatively identified as cholinergic (rostral SubC) and noradrenergic (caudal SubC) neurons. SubC reticular neurons (noncholinergic, non-noradrenergic) showed a medium-sized depolarizing sag during hyperpolarizing current pulses and often had a rebound depolarization (low-threshold spike, LTS). During depolarizing current pulses they exhibited little adaptation and fired maximally at 30-90 Hz. Those SubC reticular neurons excited by carbachol (n=27) fired spontaneously at 6 Hz, often exhibited a moderately sized LTS, and varied widely in size (17-42 μm). Carbachol-inhibited SubC reticular neurons were medium-sized (15-25 μm) and constituted two groups. The larger group (n=22) was silent at rest and possessed a prominent LTS and associated 1-4 action potentials. The second, smaller group (n=8) had a delayed return to baseline at the offset of hyperpolarizing pulses. Orexins excited both carbachol excited and carbachol inhibited SubC reticular neurons.SubC reticular neurons had intrinsic membrane properties and responses to carbachol similar to those described for other reticular neurons but a larger number of carbachol inhibited neurons were found (> 50 %), the majority of which demonstrated a prominent LTS and may correspond to PGO-on neurons. Some or all carbachol-excited neurons are presumably REM-on neurons.Keywords rapid-eye-movement; whole-cell; in vitro; sublaterodorsal; hypocretin; narcolepsy NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptAbbreviations ACSF Artificial cerebrospinal fluid; AHP Afterhyperpolarization; AP Action potential; CARB Carbachol; CARB-E Carbachol excited; CARB-I Carbachol inhibited; CCD Charge coupled device; ChAT Choline acetyltransferase; DAB Diaminobenzidine; DC Direct current; GABA Gammaamino-butyric acid; GAD67 glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform; HCN Hyperpolarization activated and cyclic nucleotide gated cation channels; IACUC Institutional Animal Care and Use committee; IR-DIC Infra-red differential interference contrast; LC locus coeruleus; LDT laterodorsal tegmental nucleus; LTS low-threshold spike; mPRF medial pontine reticular formation; nNOS neuronal nitric oxide synthase; Ox A Orexin A; PGO pontine-geniculate-occipital waves; PnC pontine nucleus caudalis; PnO pontine nucleus oralis; P waves Pontine component of PGO wave...

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Electrophysiological characterization of neurons in the dorsolateral pontine rapid-eye-movement sleep induction zone of the rat: Intrinsic membrane properties and responses to carbachol and orexins

et al. 2006

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“…The coefficient of variation in control mice and Dbh −/− was 49.0 ± 12.2% and 47.6 ± 18.8%, respectively (n = 12, 9; p = 0.95). NE neurons also display a characteristically linear current response to hyperpolarizing voltage commands (10 mV steps −50 to −80 mV) (Williams et al, 1984). The currents were measured and compared between Dbh −/− and control mice, and no difference in amplitude could be detected ( Fig.…”

Section: Basic Electrophysiological Properties Of Lc Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. pattern at a rate of up to 5 spikes per second (Williams et al, 1984). However, it is not known whether NE depletion affects the basic physiological properties of NE or DA neurons.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Midbrain DA neurons were identified by their electrical properties, which included slow spontaneous activity and a hyperpolarization-induced inward current (H-current Johnson & North, 1992;Mercuri et al, 1995;Neuhoff et al, 2002). NE neurons were identified visually within the locus coeruleus and fired action potentials at a rate up to 5 Hz (Williams et al, 1984;Alvarez-Maubecin et al, 2000). …”

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confidence: 99%

“…pattern at a rate of up to 5 spikes per second (Williams et al, 1984). However, it is not known whether NE depletion affects the basic physiological properties of NE or DA neurons.…”

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Electrophysiological properties of catecholaminergic neurons in the norepinephrine-deficient mouse

Paladini

Beckstead

2007

Neuroscience

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To determine how norepinephrine affects the basic physiological properties of catecholaminergic neurons, brain slices containing the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta and Locus Coeruleus were studied with cell-attached and whole-cell recordings in control and dopamine β-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh −/−) mice that lack norepinephrine. In the cell-attached configuration, the spontaneous firing rate and pattern of Locus Coeruleus neurons recorded from Dbh −/− mice was the same as the firing rate and pattern recorded from heterozygous littermates (Dbh +/−). During whole-cell recordings, synaptic stimulation produced an α-2 receptor-mediated outward current in the Locus Coeruleus of control mice that was absent in Dbh −/− mice. Normal α-2 mediated outward currents were restored in Dbh −/− slices after pre-incubation with norepinephrine. Locus Coeruleus neurons also displayed similar changes in holding current in response to bath application of norepinephrine, UK 14304, and methionine-enkephalin. Dopamine neurons recorded in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta similarly showed no differences between slices harvested from Dbh −/− and control mice. These results indicate that endogenous norepinephrine is not necessary for the expression of catecholaminergic neuron firing properties or responses to direct agonists, but is necessary for auto-inhibition mediated by indirect α-2 receptor stimulation. Keywordsdopamine β-hydroxylase knockout; locus coeruleus; substantia nigra pars compacta; cocaine The activity of norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) has an important role in selective attention, general arousal, and stress reactions upon challenging environmental situations (Foote et al., 1983;Levine et al., 1990;Berridge and Waterhouse, 2003;Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005), and NE depletion may underlie some affective disorders and disease states (Ressler and Nemeroff, 1999). In addition, the LC projects directly to, and modulates the activity of, midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons (Swanson and Hartman, 1975;Jones and Moore, 1977;Liprando et al., 2004), which are critical for reward and motor related behaviors (Girault and Greengard, 2004;Montague et al., 2004). In an intact animal, NE neurons recorded in vitro fire spontaneously in a single-spike Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. pattern at a rate of up to 5 spikes per second (Williams et al., 1984). However, it is not known whether NE depletion affects the basic physiological properties of NE or DA neurons. NIH Public AccessDopamine β-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh −/−) mice completely lack NE and have many bra...

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Hypocretin (orexin) activation and synaptic innervation of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system

et al. 1999

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Membrane properties of rat locus coeruleus neurones

Cited by 321 publications

References 34 publications

Electrophysiological characterization of neurons in the dorsolateral pontine rapid-eye-movement sleep induction zone of the rat: Intrinsic membrane properties and responses to carbachol and orexins

Electrophysiological characterization of neurons in the dorsolateral pontine rapid-eye-movement sleep induction zone of the rat: Intrinsic membrane properties and responses to carbachol and orexins

Electrophysiological properties of catecholaminergic neurons in the norepinephrine-deficient mouse

Hypocretin (orexin) activation and synaptic innervation of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system

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