Membrane properties of solitary horizontal cells isolated from goldfish retina.

Tachibana, Makoto

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013976

Cited by 134 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…It is possible that the prolonged depolarization may also arise from a calcium-dependent current, since very long duration regenerative potentials in other neurones have been shown to be calcium dependent (Tachibana, 1981;Ishizuka, Hattori & Akaike 1984;Murakami & Takahashi, 1987) and it is known that two classes of regenerative calcium action potentials can co-exist in some cells (Miller, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged depolarization in turtle cones evoked by current injection and stimulation of the receptive field surround.

Burkhardt¹,

Gottesman²,

Thoreson³

1988

The Journal of Physiology

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2. A distinctive depolarizing response was evoked by flashing an annulus of light while steadily illuminating the centre of the receptive field. The response, here called 'the prolonged depolarization', was found in 67 % of a sample of 125 cones and could reach some 20 mV in amplitude.3. The prolonged depolarization is characterized by a set of properties which include: the capacity to persist up to 17 s after the flash, a stereotypical waveform, a long period of temporal facilitation, a very narrow dynamic range, and a long refractory period (30-45 s).4. Depolarizing current pulses (0-01-0X1 nA) evoke a prolonged depolarization which is similar to and functionally interchangeable with that evoked by light. The prolonged depolarization is thus apparently generated by a voltage-sensitive mechanism intrinsic to the cone.5. Brief depolarizing spikes were recorded in a small fraction of cones. The spikes appear to be dissociable from the prolonged depolarization although both might arise from similar regenerative mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged depolarization in turtle cones evoked by current injection and stimulation of the receptive field surround.

Burkhardt¹,

Gottesman²,

Thoreson³

1988

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The resting potentials of the cells described in the present study (-59 + 6 mV, mean + S.D., n = 109) were determined after withdrawing the electrode from each cell studied, and agreed well with values reported previously (cf. Tachibana, 1981).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retinas of adult common goldfish (Caramsius auratus), each approximately 10 cm in body length, were dissociated into single cells by techniques described in detail elsewhere (Tachibana, 1981 The solitary horizontal cells described in the present report were identified by their morphological appearance, and by the wave form of their current-pulse-triggered action potentials (cf. Tachibana.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of solitary retinal horizontal cells from Carassius auratus to L‐glutamate and related amino acids.

Ishida

Kaneko

Tachibana

1984

The Journal of Physiology

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122

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SUMMARY1. Effects of L-glutamate and its analogues on membrane potentials of solitary horizontal cells were studied by intracellular recording. L-glutamate depolarized these cells at micromolar concentrations (> 10,sM), while D-glutamate and L-a-amino adipic acid produced slight depolarizations only at millimolar concentrations. Neither L-nor D-aspartate, even at millimolar doses, produced any change in solitary horizontal-cell resting potential.2. Solitary horizontal-cell responses to L-glutamate did not desensitize detectably. Responses to pairs of brief, ionophoretic pulses of L-glutamate were nearly equal in amplitude at inter-pulse intervals as short as 50 ms. Responses to maintained applications of low doses of L-glutamate did not decline for as long as 2 min.3. Depolarizing responses were produced by ionophoretic applications of Lglutamate near cell somata as well as dendrites. The mean sensitivity was 1t4 + 1-5 mV/nC with a maximum of 5-1 mV/nC. 4. Depolarizing responses to L-glutamate reversed in polarity at membrane potentials between 0 and -20 mV, were accompanied by a decrease in membrane slope resistance, and were suppressed by replacement of extracellular sodium ions with choline.5. These results demonstrate that chemosensitivity of retinal horizontal cells to acidic amino acids persists after dissociation protocols, and in several respects resembles that found in horizontal cells in situ. These findings are consistent with the notion that retinal horizontal cells receive a synaptic input involving L-glutamate or a similar substance.

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“…It has been shown that the HCs isolated from goldfish retina show nonlinear properties which can be attributed to voltage-gated K ÷ and Ca ~+ channels (Tachibana, 1981(Tachibana, , 1983). We did not include voltage-gated channels in our model since these channels are normally not seen in an isolated retina.…”

Section: Voltage-gated Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For simplicity we will refer to these channels as glutamate-modulated Na + channels. Although various voltage-dependent channels are present in goldfish HCs (Tachibana, 1981(Tachibana, , 1983), we did not include these voltage-dependent nonlinearities in the model. R-, G-, and B-cones modulate separate Na + channels in the HC membrane, and therefore interact nonlinearly (Kamermans et al, 1989a).…”

Section: Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color opponency in cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina. Aspecific pathways between cones and horizontal cells.

Kamermans

Dijk

Spekreijse

1991

The Journal of General Physiology

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A B S T R A C T The spectral and dynamic properties of cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina were evaluated with silent substitution stimuli and/or saturating background illumination. The aim of this study was to describe the wiring underlying the spectral sensitivity of these cells. We will present electrophysiological data that indicate that all cone-driven horizontal cell types receive input from all spectral cone types, and we will present evidence that all cone-driven horizontal cell types feed back to all spectral cone types. These two findings are the basis for a model for the spectral and dynamic behavior of all cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina. The model can account for the spectral as well as the dynamic behavior of the horizontal cells. It will be shown that the strength of the feedforward and feedback pathways between a horizontal cell and a particular spectral cone type are roughly proportional. This model is in sharp contrast to the Stell model, where the spectral behavior of the three horizontal cell types is explained by a cascade of feedforward and feedback pathways between cones and horizontal cells. The Stell model accounts for the spectral but not for the dynamic behavior of the horizontal cells. INTRODUCTIONIn carp and goldfish retina three types of cone-driven horizontal cells exist. They are called the mono-, bi-, and triphasic horizontal cells (MHC, BHC, and THC) depending on their spectral sensitivity characteristics (MacNichol and Svaetichin, 1958;Norton et al., 1968). Stell and co-workers (SteU et al., 1975(SteU et al., , 1982Stell, 1976) proposed a cascade model, which relates the spectral response properties of the horizontal cells (HC) to the structure of the ribbon synapse in the cone synaptic terminal. Stell's model is based on a morphological study of Golgi impregnated material from goldfish retina. In that study it was shown VOLUME 97" 1991 that the H 1 cells make central as well as lateral contacts with the synaptic ribbons of the long wavelength sensitive cones (R-cones) and make lateral contacts only with the middle and short wavelength sensitive cones (G-cones, B-cones). The H2 cells, however, make central as well as lateral contacts in the G-cones and make lateral contacts only with the B-cones. Finally, the H3 cells make central as well as lateral contacts only with the B-cones.Assuming that the central HC processes are the forward pathway from the cones to the HCs, that the lateral HC processes are a sign-inverting feedback pathway from HCs to the cones, and that the HI cells correspond to MHCs, H2 cells to BHCs, and H3 cells to THCs, the color coding of the HCs could be explained simply.However, three major problems exist with the Stell model: (a) The dynamics of the responses of all three cone horizontal cell types in carp retina to red light are equal except for latency differences (Spekreijse and Norton, 1970). According to the model of Stell, these responses are generated through different pathways, and hence should show latency as well as dynam...

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Membrane properties of solitary horizontal cells isolated from goldfish retina.

Cited by 134 publications

References 62 publications

Prolonged depolarization in turtle cones evoked by current injection and stimulation of the receptive field surround.

Prolonged depolarization in turtle cones evoked by current injection and stimulation of the receptive field surround.

Responses of solitary retinal horizontal cells from Carassius auratus to L‐glutamate and related amino acids.

Color opponency in cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina. Aspecific pathways between cones and horizontal cells.

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