Membrane reactor based synthesis of biodiesel from Toona ciliata seed oil using barium oxide nano catalyst

Hanif, Saba; Alsaiari, Mabkhoot; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Sultana, Shazia; Zafar, Muhammad; Rozina, Miss; Harraz, Farid A.; Alharbi, Abdulrahman Faraj; Abahussain, Abdulaziz A.M.; Ahmad, Zubair

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136458

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Another use of T ciliata other than medicinal was in biodiesel, and membrane technology was employed to synthesize biodiesel from Toona ciliate novel and non-edible seed oil. The optimal yield of biodiesel attained was 94% at 90 °C for 150 min [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Anti-Venom Potentials of Aqueous Extract and Oils of Toona ciliata M. Roem against Cobra Venom and Chemical Constituents of Oils

et al. 2023

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There are high mortality and morbidity rates from poisonous snakebites globally. Many medicinal plants are locally used for snakebite treatment in Uganda. This study aimed to determine the in vitro anti-venom activities of aqueous extract and oils of Toona ciliata against Naja melanoleuca venom. A mixture of venom and extract was administered intramuscularly in rats. Anticoagulant, antiphospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibition assay, and gel electrophoresis for anti-venom activities of oils were done. The chemical constituents of the oils of ciliata were identified using Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (GC-MS/MS). The LD50 of the venom was 0.168 ± 0.21 µg/g. The venom and aqueous extract mixture (1.25 µg/g and 3.5 mg/g) did not cause any rat mortality, while the control with venom only (1.25 µg/g) caused death in 1 h. The aqueous extract of T. ciliata inhibited the anticoagulation activity of N. melanoleuca venom from 18.58 min. to 4.83 min and reduced the hemolytic halo diameter from 24 to 22 mm. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis showed that oils completely cleared venom proteins. GC-MS/MS analysis showed that the oils had sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (60%) in the volatile oil (VO) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (48.89%) in the non-volatile oils (NVO). Some major compounds reported for the first time in T. ciliata NVOs were: Rutamarin (52.55%), β-Himachalol (9.53%), Girinimbine (6.68%) and Oprea1 (6.24%). Most compounds in the VO were reported for the first time in T. ciliata, including the major ones Santalene (8.55%) and Himachal-7-ol (6.69%). The result showed that aqueous extract and oils of T. ciliata have anti-venom/procoagulant activities and completely neutralized the venom. We recommend a study on isolation and testing the pure compounds against the same venom.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Anti-Venom Potentials of Aqueous Extract and Oils of Toona ciliata M. Roem against Cobra Venom and Chemical Constituents of Oils

et al. 2023

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“…Transesterification is the process by which triglycerides (TG), the primary component of vegetable oils and animal fats, are combined with short-chain alcohols, primarily methanol (MeOH), to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), often known as biodiesel [12]. Recent research has shown the utilization of membrane reactors as an alternative to the conventional reactor [13][14][15][16][17]. This research aimed to investigate the fluid flow and velocity profile inside the membrane reactor (MR) using ANSYS Fluent version 22.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Fluid Pattern of Biodiesel Production in a Membrane Reactor

Muhammad Asyraaf Asri,

Nurul Fitriah Nasir,

Ishkrizat Taib

et al. 2023

ARFMTS

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Utilization of membrane reactors for biodiesel production has been an alternative to conventional batch reactors. The membrane in the reactor acts as a separation layer, preventing the formation of by-products and allowing the desired biodiesel product to pass through. This can improve yields and reduce waste, making the process more environmentally friendly and economically viable. This study aimed to analyze the fluid flow and velocity profile inside the membrane reactor and determine the volume fraction of biodiesel. The modeling and simulation of the fluid flow of biodiesel in a membrane reactor was carried out using SOLIDWORK and ANSYS software. Using a Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model, multiphase simulations were carried out. Three different temperatures, 333 K, 338 K, and 343 K, were used in the simulation. The results have found that at 333K, the biodiesel production in the membrane reactor shows the best flow characteristics compared to reaction temperatures of 338 K and 343 K. Additionally, the highest volume fraction can be predicted at the temperature of 333K. Further research and simulation study can be implemented to explore the effects of inlet velocity and reaction time on the fluid flow pattern of biodiesel inside the membrane reactor.

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“…Singh et al and Amesho et al conducted Jatropha curcas oil transesterification and obtained 86.1 wt % and 91.1% yields of biodiesel using 5 wt % CaO as a catalyst within a 3 h transesterification reaction time catalyst, respectively. Krishnamurthy et al synthesized a snail shell-based CaO catalyst for the Hydnocarpus wightiana oil transesterification reaction to obtain a 98.93 wt % yield of Hydnocarpus wightiana oil fatty acid methyl ester with a reaction condition of a 0.892 wt % catalyst loading at a 61 °C reaction temperature for 2.4 h. In a similar way, Hanif et al investigated the catalytic performance of BaO as a catalyst for the Toona ciliata oil transesterification reaction and obtained a 94 wt % yield of Toona ciliata oil biodiesel at 90 °C for 2.5 h with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1 and an amount of about 0.39 wt %. Beef tallow fatty was transesterified using BaO as a heterogeneous catalyst, and about 94.95 wt % biodiesel yield was reported by Fard et al The finding by Salim et al shows that ZnO catalyst’s catalytic performance in biodiesel production from sunflower oil was 71 wt % with respect to biodiesel yield under reaction conditions, i.e., a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 20:1 and a catalyst amount of 4.7 wt % at a reaction temperature of 70 °C for 3 h. With this regard, the present study is trying to evaluate the performance of reactive extraction transesterification for biodiesel production directly from castor seeds using heterogeneous metal oxide catalysts such as BaO, CaO, and ZnO previously used by several researchers for the three/and two-step biodiesel production process (i.e., extraction, esterification, and transesterification).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Extraction for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production from Castor Seeds Using a Heterogeneous Base Catalyst: Process Parameter Optimization and Characterization

Mamuye

Reshad

2022

ACS Omega

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Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from oil seeds is conventionally produced via a two/three-process-step method: extraction of oil and subsequent esterification/transesterification to fatty FAME (biodiesel). However, in the present study, we investigated the production of castor kernel oil (CKO) FAME by reactive extraction for extraction and transesterification in a single process using a heterogeneous catalyst. The content of oil that can be extracted was checked by investigating several nonreactive extraction parameters such as solvent type (polar, nonpolar, and mixture), the solvent to kernel ratio, and extraction time. Maximum oil was extracted using methanol as a solvent with a methanol-to-seed ratio of 6.25:1 for 6 h extraction time. The viscosity of CKO obtained by nonreactive extraction was reduced from 288.83 to 19.04 mm2/s by reactive extraction using a 4.09 wt % catalyst concentration (BaO) and a 330.9:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio for 6 h reaction time at 64 °C. Reactive extraction for transesterification of CKO was performed using BaO, CaO, and ZnO heterogeneous catalysts. BaO results in the increased yield of CKO FAME compared to other catalysts. Central composite design (CCD) using the response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented to design the experimental matrix, process parameter optimization, maximize the yield of CKO FAME, and investigate interaction effects of parameters such as reactive extraction temperature (55–65 °C), catalyst concentration (3–5 wt %), and methanol-to-oil molar ratio (175:1–350:1) on the yield of CKO FAME. A second-order model equation with a p-value < 0.05 and an R 2 value near 1.0 was obtained to predict the yield using the input parameters. The maximum yield CKO FAME of 96.13 wt % with 94.4% purity of produced CKO FAME was obtained at a catalyst concentration of 4.09 wt % and a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 330.9:1 for 6 h with a reaction temperature of 64 °C. Therefore, a comparable conversion of castor seed oil triglyceride (96.13 wt %) was obtained in a single step directly from castor seeds. Furthermore, the rheological behavior investigation of castor kernel oil and castor methyl ester revealed that the dynamic viscosity of both samples was found to be dependent on triglyceride content and temperature.

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Membrane reactor based synthesis of biodiesel from Toona ciliata seed oil using barium oxide nano catalyst

Cited by 26 publications

References 45 publications

In Vitro Anti-Venom Potentials of Aqueous Extract and Oils of Toona ciliata M. Roem against Cobra Venom and Chemical Constituents of Oils

In Vitro Anti-Venom Potentials of Aqueous Extract and Oils of Toona ciliata M. Roem against Cobra Venom and Chemical Constituents of Oils

Prediction of Fluid Pattern of Biodiesel Production in a Membrane Reactor

Reactive Extraction for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production from Castor Seeds Using a Heterogeneous Base Catalyst: Process Parameter Optimization and Characterization

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