Membrane Technologies for Decarbonization

Abstract

The deteriorating environmental situation has stimulated the world community to develop research related to the decarbonization of the economy and hydrogen energy. These two areas are essentially focused on membrane technologies, which play a crucial role in solving key tasks for these areas. This review is devoted to this research. The first part describes various membrane technologies aimed at capturing CO 2 from the most common gas mixtures, primarily containing nitrogen, methane, and hydrogen. In recent years, studies related to the amine purification of CO 2 , including membrane technologies, and the use of porous membranes filled with ionic liquids has also been intensively developed. Electromembrane technologies are also being developed that allow not only capture of CO 2 but also to process it into fuel or valuable chemicals. The course taken by several developed countries, including Russia, for the development of hydrogen energy includes the production, purification of hydrogen, and its conversion into energy. It should be noted that membrane technologies are fundamentally important for the development of each of these areas. Thus, the evolution of hydrogen is possible with the use of polymer membranes, and for deep purification and production of high-purity hydrogen by membrane catalysis; membranes based on palladium alloys are used. Finally, fuel cells are developed to produce energy from hydrogen, the most important part of which are proton or oxygen-conducting membranes.

Effect of OH-Group Introduction on Gas and Liquid Separation Properties of Polydecylmethylsiloxane

“…The choice of the main polymer chain is largely determined by the scientific novelty of the work, as well as by the stability of that polymer in the separating medium. The approach of introducing functional groups into membrane-forming polymers is widespread among researchers [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The introduction of oxygen-containing groups increases the membrane affinity to acidic components and its hydrophilicity.…”

Polymeric Membranes for Oil-Water Separation: A Review

“…However, its further application is partially hindered by the high capital costs required for large volumes of effluent and the fouling/degradation of the polymeric membranes during long-term operation [ 29 , 30 ]. The commercial UF and MF membranes are typically fabricated from a number of bulk polymers [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], particularly polysulfone (PSf), polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polyacrilonitrile (PAN) [ 34 , 35 ]. The porous structure of MF/UF membranes is formed as a result of phase inversion of polymeric solution [ 36 ]: thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) [ 37 , 38 ], evaporation induced phase separation (EIPS), vapor induced phase separation (VIPS) [ 39 , 40 ], non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) [ 36 ], or a combination of these methods.…”

Hydrogen Storage Mechanism in Sodium-Based Graphene Nanoflakes: A Density Functional Theory Study

“…Measures that counter climate change are of considerable international urgency [1][2][3][4][5]. Decarbonization is an effective method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving carbon neutrality [6][7][8][9][10]. In particular, the use of hydrogen energy is the key to decarbonized fuel [11,12].…”