Memorabeatlia: A naturalistic study of long-term memory

Hyman, Ira E.; Rubin, David C.

doi:10.3758/bf03197096

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…If a song gets started playing in someone's head, it is likely to return as an intrusive song. If the song starts playing, it may be an unfinished thought because people are unlikely to completely reconstruct the song in their heads (Hyman & Rubin, 1990;Rubin, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Beaman and Williams (2010) argued that the repeating portion of a song is often longer than should fit in working memory, implying that it is being retrieved from long-term memory. In that case, the inability to reconstruct entire songs may explain why only a portion of the song repeats (Hyman & Rubin, 1990;Rubin, 1995). For example, a person may begin experiencing an intrusive song, continue through the parts that are strongly connected, and then experience difficulty leaping across the gap from the chorus to a subsequent verse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, she stated that the memories 'persist if the task has not been completed to the subject's own satisfaction regardless of whether this is equivalent to what may seem from another's inspection to constitute finished or unfinished ' (p. 313). If the song starts playing in someone's head, the song would be an active thought, and individuals would be unlikely to complete the thought because people typically report that only small parts of songs repeat in their heads as intrusive songs and people are generally unable to remember entire songs (Hyman & Rubin, 1990;Rubin, 1995).…”

Section: Study 2: Intrusive Song Experimental Diary Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Going Gaga: Investigating, Creating, and Manipulating the Song Stuck in My Head

Hyman

Burland

Duskin

et al. 2012

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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168

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Summary: Having a song stuck in your head is a commonly experienced intrusive thought. We explored the intrusive song phenomenon through a survey, an experimental diary study, and three laboratory experiments. Contrary to the belief that only obnoxious songs get stuck, we found that songs people know and like frequently became intrusive. We also found that intrusive songs followed environmental cues. In addition, if a song continued to play in someone's head immediately after listening to it, the song was likely to return as an intrusive song within the next 24 hours. Similar to mind wandering, the return of intrusive songs depended on cognitive resources: people reported that intrusive songs returned during low cognitive load activities, and we found that overloading the cognitive systems with challenging activities increased intrusive song frequency. Throughout our studies, we easily created and manipulated intrusive song experiences. Songs provide a valuable method to investigate intrusive thoughts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study 2: Intrusive Song Experimental Diary Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Going Gaga: Investigating, Creating, and Manipulating the Song Stuck in My Head

Hyman

Burland

Duskin

et al. 2012

Applied Cognitive Psychology

Self Cite

168

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“…The poetic devices of rhyme, alliteration, and assonance work locally within lines and between nearby lines (Hyman & Rubin, 1990;Rubin, 1977).…”

Section: An Example Of Coordination: the Serial Nature Of Recall In Omentioning

confidence: 99%

The Basic-Systems Model of Episodic Memory

Rubin

2006

Perspect Psychol Sci

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324

309

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Behavior, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging suggest that episodic memories are constructed from interactions among the following basic systems: vision, audition, olfaction, other senses, spatial imagery, language, emotion, narrative, motor output, explicit memory, and search and retrieval. Each system has its own well-documented functions, neural substrates, processes, structures, and kinds of schemata. However, the systems have not been considered as interacting components of episodic memory, as is proposed here. Autobiographical memory and oral traditions are used to demonstrate the usefulness of the basic-systems model in accounting for existing data and predicting novel findings, and to argue that the model, or one similar to it, is the only way to understand episodic memory for complex stimuli routinely encountered outside the laboratory.

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“…In studying the remarkably accurate and long-lived memory that people have for ballads, popular songs, and counting-out rhymes (Hyman & Rubin, 1990;Kelly & Rubin, 1988;Wallace & Rubin, 1988a, 1988b, in press), we have found a similar reliance on surface structure for organization in memory. Recall errors are less likely to occur where there are regular surface forms, such as alliteration, rhyme, and rhythm, and the errors that do occur tend to preserve or distort toward the surface forms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The abstraction of form in semantic categories

1991

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Undergraduates were asked to generate a name for a hypothetical new exemplar of a category. They produced names that had the same numbers of syllables, the same endings, and the same types of word stems as existing exemplars of that category. In addition, novel exemplars, each consisting of a nonsense syllable root and a prototypical ending, were accurately assigned to categories. The data demonstrate the abstraction and use of surface properties of words.What types of organization do people use when they learn, categorize, or remember? For simple visual stimuli, such as patterns of dots varying randomly around a geometric pattern (Posner & Keele, 1968), people make use of whatever regularity exists. In contrast, for linguistic material, in which meaning can be more easily separated from form, psychologists have provided considerable evidence that people abstract and use meaning to organize information, often to the exclusion of form. The use of meaning as organization for linguistic stimuli, however, may be a result of the regularities available in the stimuli rather than a reflection of human cognition per se. We will argue on behalf of this claim, by demonstrating the abstraction and use of surface organization in linguistic material.One reason that the abstraction of form from linguistic material has been minimized historically is that the surface form appears too transient to be useful. In early studies, Sachs (1967) and Wanner (1974) dramatically demonstrated the rapid loss of the surface forms of text, with many later studies supporting and extending the finding to a wide range of conditions (for recent reviews, see Alba & Hasher, 1983;Brewer & Nakamura, 1984;Gernsbacher, 1985;Wallace & Rubin, 1989). For instance, Gernsbacher (1985) cites over 40 references supporting the rapid fading of surface form. Although many studies have shown that surface form is retained in memory (e.g., Brown & McNeill, 1966;Hunt & Elliott, 1980;Hunt & Mitchell, 1982; Koriat & Lieblich, 1974;Nelson, 1981;Rubin, , 1977, these studies do not provide clear evidence that form is used as the basis for the abstraction of structure. For example, evidence that the sound pattern is retained in the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon could be taken as evidence for abstraction based on surface form, but it could also be explained by assuming partial recall of the sound of a word.The general experimental strategy used to show that meaning is the basis upon which people organize their linWe wish to thank Kirsten Neilsen and Cheryl Pou for help in testing the subjects, Wanda T. Wallace for her discussions throughout the project and Lynn Hasher and our reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Support for this research was provided by NSF Grant BNS-8410124. Reprints are available from David C. Rubin, Psychology Department. Duke University, Durham. NC 27706. guistic experience has been to select materials for which meaning was the only clear form of organization present, such as stories written in prose. The results of such experiments were attribu...

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Memorabeatlia: A naturalistic study of long-term memory

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

Going Gaga: Investigating, Creating, and Manipulating the Song Stuck in My Head

Going Gaga: Investigating, Creating, and Manipulating the Song Stuck in My Head

The Basic-Systems Model of Episodic Memory

The abstraction of form in semantic categories

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