Memory

Abstract

Memory is the process of retaining of knowledge over a period for the function of affecting future actions. It can be divided into declarative and procedural types. The process of memory consolidation is done in the hippocampus. The long-term memories are spread among various areas of the cerebrum depending on the different perceptual properties. The process of long-term potentiation and molecular changes occurring during memory formation are discussed in detail below. The steps involved in memory formation include encoding, storage, and recall (retrieval) in that order. Amnesia is a phenomenon in which there is the problem in memory formation which can be due to trauma to the brain, certain diseases, or stressors. While the assessment of memory has greatly improved, we are only beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Desarrollo y validación de una tarea experimental de Memoria Episódica verbal en español

“…La memoria episódica (ME) es responsable de codificar, almacenar y recuperar conscientemente eventos pasados experimentados personalmente (1) . Es uno de los primeros dominios que muestra un declive desde el inicio del envejecimiento (2) , vinculado con un ineficiente funcionamiento de los procesos de codificación y recuperación (3,4) .…”

“…La codificación es el proceso de la memoria que participa en la adquisición y transformación de la información nueva que se procesa en una representación mental (5) . Este proceso suele demandar muchos recursos de procesamiento, como la capacidad selectiva de la atención, la velocidad de procesamiento y el control ejecutivo de la memoria de trabajo (6) . Lamentablemente, con la edad dichos procesos suelen mostrar un declive en su funcionamiento (7)(8)(9) .…”

Development and validation of an experimental verbal Episodic Memory task in Spanish

“…Episodic memory (EM) is responsible for consciously encoding, storing, and retrieving past personally experienced events (1) . It is one of the first domains to show a decline since the onset of aging (2) , linked to inefficient functioning of the encoding and retrieval processes (3,4) .…”

“…Encoding is the memory process that participates in the acquisition and transformation of new information that is processed into a mental representation (5) . This process usually demands many processing resources such as the selective capacity of attention, processing speed, and executive control of working memory (6) . Unfortunately, with age, these processes tend to show a decline in their functioning (7)(8)(9) .…”

Exploring why “memory loss” is a misleading descriptor of people living with dementia and can lead to dysfunctional care

“…For example, a recent article in The Washington Post described Alzheimer's disease (AD) as "…the memory robbing disease" (McGinley, 2023). If memory is defined as retaining knowledge for a time period in order to affect future actions (Mujawar et al, 2021), then the term "memory loss" is an inaccurate descriptor of dementia as some types of memory abilities remain intact, or mostly intact. Moreover, the term "loss" contributes to misperceptions about the memory dysfunction of people living with dementia, for "loss" connotes complete removal or erasure of existing memories or the inability to form new memories which is very different from the more accurate presentation of "impairment" that we aim to show herein.…”