2000
DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5451.248
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Memory--a Century of Consolidation

Abstract: The memory consolidation hypothesis proposed 100 years ago by Müller and Pilzecker continues to guide memory research. The hypothesis that new memories consolidate slowly over time has stimulated studies revealing the hormonal and neural influences regulating memory consolidation, as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review examines the progress made over the century in understanding the time-dependent processes that create our lasting memories.

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Cited by 3,789 publications
(2,843 citation statements)
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References 89 publications
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“…One is that tDCS allowed modulation, albeit small, during a window of opportunity immediately after fear extinction learning on extinction consolidation when the extinction memory is still in a short‐term, labile state (McGaugh, 2000). Support for this idea can be found in animal studies where inactivation of the rodent vmPFC immediately after extinction training impaired memory for extinction (Burgos‐Robles, Vidal‐Gonzalez, Santini, & Quirk, 2007; Hikind & Maroun, 2008; Laurent & Westbrook, 2008; Sotres‐Bayon, Diaz‐Mataix, Bush, & LeDoux, 2009).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One is that tDCS allowed modulation, albeit small, during a window of opportunity immediately after fear extinction learning on extinction consolidation when the extinction memory is still in a short‐term, labile state (McGaugh, 2000). Support for this idea can be found in animal studies where inactivation of the rodent vmPFC immediately after extinction training impaired memory for extinction (Burgos‐Robles, Vidal‐Gonzalez, Santini, & Quirk, 2007; Hikind & Maroun, 2008; Laurent & Westbrook, 2008; Sotres‐Bayon, Diaz‐Mataix, Bush, & LeDoux, 2009).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Even though a prioritization benefit was present minutes after encoding, the temporal evolution of the prioritization effect suggests that the beneficial effects of prioritization on memory occur during consolidation processes (Hamann, 2001; McGaugh, 2000), rather than encoding processes. While the latter could result from a preferential allocation of study time (Castel et al ., 2002) to HL versus nHL content, our results are consistent with an account of dopaminergic modulation of hippocampal‐based consolidation, with dopamine likely affecting hippocampal plasticity and memory during the hours after encoding (Shohamy and Adcock, 2010), and especially during sleep (Perogamvros and Schwartz, 2012).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The corresponding brain location that is mostly associated with shortterm memory is the hippocampus (Kumaran 2008), where changes in morphology due to synaptic plasticity are found in short-term memory tasks (Shimizu 2000). Another brain area, the amygdala, has, through the emotions, a strong influence on the memorization process (McGaugh 2000). On the other hand, some theories propose that this link between short-term memory and specific brain areas depends on the memory context (Nadel and Moscovitch 1997;Henke 2010).…”
Section: Short-and Long-term Memorymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interaction between short-and long-term memory The interaction between short-and long-term memory remains unclear (McGaugh 2000). Does a memory item have to be stored in short-term memory before it is transferred to longterm memory McClelland et al 1995;Squire and Alvarez 1995)?…”
Section: Short-and Long-term Memorymentioning
confidence: 99%