Memory and executive functioning in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A selective review

Olley, Amanda; Malhi, Gin S; Sachdev, Perminder S.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.02.023

Cited by 206 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Clinical groups often show impaired RT performance in a variety of tasks (Gualtieri & Morgan, 2008;Kuelz, Hohagen, 22 & Voderholzer, 2004;Olley, Malhi, & Sachdev, 2007). Priming tasks typically involve both strategic and automatic processes (Kliegl, et al, 2010;Leonard & Egeth, 2008), and it could be, for example, that the clinical groups in the current study were impaired in some aspects of strategic performance during the task resulting in slower overall RTs, while other processes such as sensory sharpening were enhanced, resulting in simultaneously greater RT benefits to repeated stimuli.…”

Section: Other Between-group Differencesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive–compulsive and panic disorders

Thomas

Gonsalvez

Johnstone

2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: Repeated experience with stimuli often primes faster, more efficient neuronal and behavioural responses. Exaggerated repetition priming effects have previously been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however little is known of their underlying neurobiology or disorder-specificity, hence we investigated these factors. Methods: We examined event-related potentials (ERPs) and behaviour while participants with OCD, panic disorder and healthy controls (20 per group) performed a Go/NoGo task which manipulated target repetition sequences. Results: Both clinical groups showed stronger reaction time (RT) priming than HCs, which in OCD was greater in a checking, than washing, subgroup. Both clinical groups had similar RT deficits and ERP anomalies across several components, which correlated with psychopathology and RT priming. In OCD alone, N1 latency tended to increase to repeated stimuli, correlated with O-C symptoms, whereas it decreased in other groups. OCD-checkers had smaller target P2 amplitude than all other groups. Conclusions: Enhanced neural priming is not unique to OCD and may contribute to salient sensory-cognitive experiences in anxiety generally. These effects are related to symptom severity and occur to neutral stimuli and in the context of overall RT impairment, suggesting they may be clinically relevant and pervasive. The results indicate overlapping information-processing and neurobiological factors across disorders, with indications of OCD-specific trends and subgroup differences. Significance: This first electrophysiological investigation of OCD priming in OCD to include anxious controls and OCD subgroups allows for differentiation between overlapping and OCD-specific phenomena, to advance neurobiological models of OCD. The authors report no conflicts of interest. Highlights• We conducted the first electrophysiological investigation of repetition priming in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to include anxious and healthy controls and the first ERP study to consider OCD symptom subgroups.• Repetition priming was exaggerated in both OCD and panic disorder, and related to atypical ERP topography and symptom severity.• P2 amplitude to targets was significantly smaller in a non-washing/checking subgroup of OCD than all other groups. 3 AbstractObjective: Repeated experience with stimuli often primes faster, more efficient neuronal and behavioural responses. Exaggerated repetition priming effects have previously been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however little is known of their underlying neurobiology or disorder-specificity, hence we investigated these factors. Methods:We examined event-related potentials (ERPs) and behaviour while participants with OCD, panic disorder and healthy controls (20 per group) performed a Go/ NoGo task which manipulated target repetition sequences. Results:Both clinical groups showed stronger reaction time (RT) priming than HCs, which in OCD was greater in a checking, than washing, subgroup. Both clinical groups had similar R...

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Section: Other Between-group Differencesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive–compulsive and panic disorders

Thomas

Gonsalvez

Johnstone

2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…The set shifting refers to the capability in shifting the focus among different aspects or characteristics of a stimulus in response to feedback change [32]. Therefore, those who cannot adjust their behavior in response to feedback change commit perseverative errors and are weak in executive function of set shifting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Executive Function in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Patients With Good Insight, Poor Insight and Healthy People

Toobaei

Shairi

Shams

et al. 2015

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: This research seeks to make a comparison between executive functions of the obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, with poor and high insight levels and normal people. Patients and Methods: In this casual comparative study, 22 OCD patients with high insight level, 5 OCD patients with poor insight level (based on YBOCS' 11th item score) and 23 normal subjects were selected using convenience sampling technique. The subjects were evaluated using two groups of clinical and neuropsychiatric instruments. The clinical instruments included Y-BOCS, BDI-II and GHQ-12. The executive functions were assessed using the Tower of London test, the Stroop and the Wisconsin Card Sorting tests. Results:The obtained results showed a significant difference between OCD patients and normal people in a number of executive functions. However, comparison between OCD patients with high and poor insight levels showed no significant difference in the executive functions variables. Conclusions: Executive functions (EF) may contribute to the psychopathology of OCD. Therefore examining EF can play an important role in assessment and treatment of OCD.

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“…Other mental disorders seem to receive more attention in this area. 27,28 Still, a few studies have included neuropsychological testing. Many studies use only a few tests rather than a complete neuropsychological battery, which is necessary for a more comprehensive evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mental disorders, neuropsychological assessment can contribute to a clarification of the possible cognitive limitations related to a disorder and suggest better medical and psychotherapeutic interventions. 4 An interest in the potential for cognitive impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder, especially in memory and executive function, 27,28 is observed in the literature. Initially, the hypothesis was that such patients could have a deficit in remembering their actions, which might account for their compulsions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new hypothesis suggests that patients exhibit organizational difficulty in processing information or in performing executive functions. 27,28 As do studies of patients with PD, studies of obsessivecompulsive disorder suggest that larger sample sizes and attempts at better control for comorbidities are necessary in future research. It is unclear whether the findings of these studies represent the specific profile of a disorder or whether they reflect patient anxiety and mood in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive functions in patients with panic disorder: a literature review

Alves

Pereira

Machado

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To conduct a review of the literature on the possible neuropsychological deficits present in patients with panic disorder. Methods: We performed a systematic review and search of the PubMed, ISI and PsycInfo scientific databases, with no time limits, using the following key words: cognitive, function, panic, and disorder. Of the 971 articles found, 25 were selected and 17 were included in this review. The inclusion criterion was at least one neuropsychological assessment task in patients with panic disorder. Results: The number of publications has grown gradually, especially those assessing executive functions, corresponding to the neurobiological model most widely accepted. Of all the functions evaluated, these patients had lower performance in memory tasks and higher performance in affective processing tasks related to the disorder. However, these data require further investigation due to the high rate of comorbidities, the small sample sizes of the included studies and little standardization of instruments used. Conclusion:The results showed a greater occurrence of deficits in memory and enhanced affective processing related to panic disorder.

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Memory and executive functioning in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A selective review

Cited by 206 publications

References 47 publications

Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive–compulsive and panic disorders

Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive–compulsive and panic disorders

Comparison of Executive Function in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Patients With Good Insight, Poor Insight and Healthy People

Cognitive functions in patients with panic disorder: a literature review

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