Memory and personality: An information processing approach

Recognition in episodic long-term memory in schizophrenia

“…While previous results might be discounted, it is our view that present findings confirm the fact that there is no recognition deficit associated with schizophrenia. If one assumes that recognition tasks are less apt to involve semantic memory and that recall tasks are more apt to involve semantic memory and, further, if one accepts previous consistent findings that there is a schizophrenic deficit in recall memory (Johnson, 1974), then these results support the notion that the schizophrenic cognitive deficit is more apt to involve semantic than episodic memory.…”

“…Behavioral scientists have been interested in studying these differences as a means to understand the underlying processes involved in mental illness. However, in a recent review (Johnson, 1974) it was noted that most previous studies of the memory-psychopathology interaction have been deficient because of method errors related to experimental design and S selection. Because of this, results are apt to be confounded and of questionable validity.…”

“…However, previous experimental results that suggest no recognition deficit in schizophrenia do not necessarily bear on the issue of semantic memory localization. The semantic episodic memory distinction usually is seen as applying to long-term memory (LTM) rather than to short-term memory (STM) (Johnson, 1974). It is not clear from the published reports of these experiments whether (a) LTM or (b) LTM, confounded by STM, was being studied because the recognition tasks were initiated immediately after presentation trials.…”

Cognitive Processes and Learner Strategies in the Acquisition of Motor Skills

“…Other researchers have interpreted cognitive processes as controlling factors in the sequence of serially or hierarchically organized behaviors, similar to our (Atkinson & Shiffritr, 1968;Johnson, 1974;Kausler, 1974;Scandura, 1977 Butterfield, 1977;Butterfield & Dickerson, 1976), such as increasing the capacity of the short term store by imposing an organizational structure to information being processed in that mechanism (Rigney, 1978). We are hypothesizing that a definite relationship exists between a particular mechanism and associated cognitive processes.…”

Imagery in the associative learning of schizophrenics

“…While some clinicians (e.g., Henderson & Gillespie, 1933) have contended that schizophrenics excel a t passive attention and retention, most experimental studies have shown a schizophrenic recall deficit (Johnson, 1974), This recall deficit has been explained variously as due to negativism (Bleuler, 1950), lack of interest and motivation (Cohen, 1956) , inability to organize information for retrieval (Bauman & Murray, 1968) , and associative interference (Truscott, 1966(Truscott, , 1976.…”