Memory B cell diversity: insights for optimized vaccine design

McGrath, Joshua J.C.; Li, Lei; Wilson, Patrick C.

doi:10.1016/j.it.2022.03.005

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…To explore the mechanism of the antibody response, we analyzed ASCs, cTFH cells, and H1N1‐specific IgG PBMCs. ASCs are a type of B cell that secretes antibodies, 22 and previous studies showed that the ASC frequencies on day 7 were positively correlated with anti‐influenza antibody levels on day 28. 23 , 24 Similarly, this study found that ASC frequencies on day 7 correlated positively with anti‐H1N1 IgG levels on day 28.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased antibody response to influenza vaccine with an enhanced antibody response to subsequent SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Liao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Introduction Influenza or SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination is especially recommended for people with underlying diseases. For the large number of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB), studies on their immune responses to these vaccines are still lacking. Methods A total of 57 CHB patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs) receiving inactivated influenza vaccination were prospectively followed up. Influenza‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (anti‐H1N1, anti‐H3N2, and anti‐B IgG), antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs), and circulating T follicular helper cells were assessed simultaneously. Eight CHB patients subsequently got inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination during 1‐year follow‐up, and levels of serum antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 were further analyzed. Results On day 28 after influenza vaccination, three influenza antibodies levels appeared to be lower in CHB patients than in HCs. And anti‐H1N1 IgG level was significantly decreased in cirrhotic patients ( p < .05). Anti‐H1N1 IgG levels (day 28) were positively correlated with ASC frequencies (day 7) ( p < .05), and negatively correlated with cirrhosis and hepatitis B surface antigen levels ( p < .05). Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies were higher in patients with influenza vaccination history than in patients without the history ( p < .05). Moreover, positive correlations existed between influenza vaccination history and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels ( p < .01). Conclusions CHB patients, especially those with cirrhosis, appeared to have a decreased antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccine. A history of inactivated influenza vaccination within 1 year before inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination might induce stronger anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased antibody response to influenza vaccine with an enhanced antibody response to subsequent SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Liao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…B mem cells encompass phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subsets [ 3 , 86 , 87 ]. After the 2nd vaccination, the subset composition of B mem cells changes over time, skewing toward CD21 + CD27 + resting B mem cell dominance from the early to late time points [ 65 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunological memory responses that are formed and maintained in response to primary antigen exposure protect the host from subsequent viral infection. Immunological memory responses are of particular importance for vaccination, as they are the basis for conferring protection against re-infection by a variety of pathogens [ 3 ]. Immunological memory involves two classes of responses, humoral and cellular immunity, driven by B and T cells, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immunity for durable control of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants

2023

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ongoing because of the repeated emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, highlighting the importance of developing vaccines for variants that may continue to emerge. In the present review, we discuss humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the antibody breadth to the variants. Recent studies have revealed that the temporal maturation of humoral immunity improves the antibody potency and breadth to the variants after infection or vaccination. Repeated vaccination or infection further accelerates the expansion of the antibody breadth. Memory B cells play a central role in this phenomenon, as the reactivity of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) on memory B cells is a key determinant of the antibody potency and breadth recalled upon vaccination or infection. The evolution of memory B cells remarkably improves the reactivity of BCR to antigenically distinct Omicron variants, to which the host has never been exposed. Thus, the evolution of memory B cells toward the variants constitutes an immunological basis for the durable and broad control of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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“…Exposure histories are important because they can influence the magnitude and longevity of subsequent immune responses yet are affected by factors and mechanisms that are not well understood. Contributing factors likely include the nature and timing of each exposure, and the role of imprinting, the process by which the immune system tends to amplify a response to the first version of the pathogen encountered at the expense of subsequent variants [ 54 ]. We tackle a few of these factors here.…”

Section: Secondary Exposure From Infection And/or Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several possibilities could explain the unresponsiveness of B cells to a third vaccine dose after a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. First, we considered anergy or exhaustion that has been described for CD21 lo B cells (reviewed in [ 54 ]), which are expanded during SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 18 , 96 , 97 ]. Under conditions of chronic activation, these CD21 lo B cells show signs of activation in vivo yet are refractory to further stimulation ex vivo [ 106 ], a phenomenon that has been termed post-activated anergy or exhaustion [ 107 ].…”

Section: Secondary Exposure From Infection And/or Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

B-Cell Responses to Sars-Cov-2 mRNA Vaccines

Kardava

Buckner

Moir

2022

PAI

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Most vaccines against viral pathogens protect through the acquisition of immunological memory from long-lived plasma cells that produce antibodies and memory B cells that can rapidly respond upon an encounter with the pathogen or its variants. The COVID-19 pandemic and rapid deployment of effective vaccines have provided an unprecedented opportunity to study the immune response to a new yet rapidly evolving pathogen. Here we review the scientific literature and our efforts to understand antibody and B-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on both primary and secondary immune responses, and how repeated exposures may impact outcomes.

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Memory B cell diversity: insights for optimized vaccine design

Cited by 17 publications

References 76 publications

Decreased antibody response to influenza vaccine with an enhanced antibody response to subsequent SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Decreased antibody response to influenza vaccine with an enhanced antibody response to subsequent SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Humoral immunity for durable control of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants

B-Cell Responses to Sars-Cov-2 mRNA Vaccines

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