Memory Effects in Propagation of Optical Waves through Disordered Media

Freund, Isaac; Rosenbluh, M.; Shen, Feng

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.61.2328

Cited by 718 publications

(442 citation statements)

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“…Vellekoop and Aegerter 76 have demonstrated this by combining wavefront shaping with a remarkable speckle correlation known as the memory effect 77,78 . Rotating the incident field by a small angle also rotates the transmitted field.…”

Section: The Medium As the Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling waves in space and time for imaging and focusing in complex media

et al. 2012

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Section: The Medium As the Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling waves in space and time for imaging and focusing in complex media

et al. 2012

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“…Initial measurements of angular intensity correlation, carried out in the far field of weakly scattering media, gave C, which was essentially equal to C 1 [12,13]. Recently, measurements of the spatial correlation of the field on the sample surface have yielded the C 1 contribution directly [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial-Field Correlation: The Building Block of Mesoscopic Fluctuations

Sebbah

Genack

et al. 2002

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The absence of self averaging in mesoscopic systems is a consequence of long-range intensity correlation. Microwave measurements suggest and diagrammatic calculations confirm that the correlation function of the normalized intensity with displacement of the source and detector, ∆R and ∆r, respectively, can be expressed as the sum of three terms, with distinctive spatial dependences. Each term involves only the sum or the product of the square of the field correlation function, F ≡ F 2 E . The leading-order term is the product, the next term is proportional to the sum. The third term is proportional to [F (∆R)F (∆r) + [F (∆R) + F (∆r)] + 1].

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“…Speckle patterns are the most direct manifestation of wave coherence in transport of light through samples that are thicker than the transport mean free path ℓ, which is the average distance over which the direction of light is diffused due to random scattering. By analyzing the statistical properties, such volume speckle patterns reveal strong correlations that are responsible for fundamental physical phenomena as the memory effect [1,2] and enhanced mesoscopic fluctuations [3,4,5,6,7]. Furthermore, clear signatures of Anderson localization of light have been observed by analyzing intensity fluctuations [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For Fock states, a striking non-classical behavior is found: the spatial correlation function is reduced below unity, which means that the spatial directions are anticorrelated. This corresponds to spatial anti-bunching of light, and the correlation function C b0b1 is the spatial counterpart of the second-order coherence function g (2) (τ ) that is omnipresent in quantum optics [19]. For a single-photon Fock state, the correlation function vanishes identically since if a photon is detected in one channel the probability of detecting another photon in a dif- ferent channel is zero.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial Quantum Correlations in Multiple Scattered Light

2005

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We predict a new spatial quantum correlation in light propagating through a multiple scattering random medium. The correlation depends on the quantum state of the light illuminating the medium, is infinite range, and dominates over classical mesoscopic intensity correlations. The spatial quantum correlation is revealed in the quantum fluctuations of the total transmission or reflection through the sample and should be readily observable experimentally.PACS numbers: 42.25. Dd, 42.50.Lc, When light propagates through a disordered scattering medium, a strongly modulated interference structure, known as a speckle pattern, is generated. Speckle patterns are the most direct manifestation of wave coherence in transport of light through samples that are thicker than the transport mean free path ℓ, which is the average distance over which the direction of light is diffused due to random scattering. By analyzing the statistical properties, such volume speckle patterns reveal strong correlations that are responsible for fundamental physical phenomena as the memory effect [1,2] and enhanced mesoscopic fluctuations [3,4,5,6,7]. Furthermore, clear signatures of Anderson localization of light have been observed by analyzing intensity fluctuations [8].While spatial correlations of the intensity of multiply scattered light have been investigated intensely, spatial correlations hidden in the quantum fluctuations of light have to our knowledge not been addressed. Here we predict that strong quantum correlations exist between spatially separated parts of a far-field speckle pattern that have no classical analog. The quantum correlation is infinite range, since it is independent of the angular separation between the parts of the speckle pattern under investigation, and dominates over mesoscopic fluctuations. Therefore speckle patterns generated with quantum light are much stronger correlated than classical theory predicts, and the quantum corrections should be observable even for moderate amount of scattering. In contrast, the magnitude of classical intensity correlations are all found to scale with the inverse of the mesoscopic conductance g = N ℓ/L where N is the number of conducting modes and L is the thickness of the scattering medium [3,4,5,6,7]. Only for extremely strong scattering, i.e. close to the Anderson localization transition (g ≃ 1), do such mesoscopic correlations dominate.The quantum correlation will be shown to depend on the quantum state of light illuminating the multiple scattering sample. The physical origin of the effect is due to distribution of photon correlations of the input state over the spatial degrees of freedom of the speckle pattern. This mechanism was previously predicted to lead to new long-range correlations of thermal radiation from a disordered waveguide [9]. We evaluate the correlation function for three different quantum states: coherent state, thermal state, and Fock state. For a coherent state the spatial correlation vanishes, while strong correlations and anti-correlations are found for the t...

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Memory Effects in Propagation of Optical Waves through Disordered Media

Cited by 718 publications

References 5 publications

Controlling waves in space and time for imaging and focusing in complex media

Controlling waves in space and time for imaging and focusing in complex media

Spatial-Field Correlation: The Building Block of Mesoscopic Fluctuations

Spatial Quantum Correlations in Multiple Scattered Light

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