Memory enhancement effect of saponins from <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> leaves and blood–brain barrier-permeated saponins profiling using a pseudotargeted monitoring strategy

Yuhong, Huang; Ding, Weijia; Li, Xi-Tao; Cai, Meng‐Ting; Li, Huilin; Yang, Zhiyou; Piao, Xiu‐Hong; Zhu, Shu; Tohda, Chihiro; Komatsu, Kenshi; Wang, Shumei; Ge, Yue‐Wei

doi:10.1039/d1fo03078g

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The results of some studies have shown that TS from E. senticosus leaves can permeate the blood–brain barrier to exert neuroprotective effects 22,23 . The current characterized structures of TS from the ESF extract were similar to the bioactive structures in E. senticosus leaves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…20 Our previous studies revealed that TS isolated from E. senticosus leaves can protect neurons from Aβ 25-35 -induced toxicity and permeate the blood-brain barrier to enhance the memory and learning ability of animals. [21][22][23] ESF has also been applied in folk medicine to treat neurological diseases. 1 TS extracted from ESF were recently reported to exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deposits of β‐amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles have been found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients that lead to neuroinflammation, nerve cell apoptosis, and axonal rupture 20 . Our previous studies revealed that TS isolated from E. senticosus leaves can protect neurons from Aβ 25–35 ‐induced toxicity and permeate the blood–brain barrier to enhance the memory and learning ability of animals 21–23 . ESF has also been applied in folk medicine to treat neurological diseases 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MS/MS molecular networking‐guided in‐depth profiling of triterpenoid saponins from the fruit of Eleutherococcus senticosus and their neuroprotectivity evaluation

Zhou

Ren

et al. 2022

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction: Eleutherococcus senticosus fruit (ESF) is a natural health supplement resource that has been extensively applied as a tonic for the nervous system. The structures and neural bioactivities of triterpenoid saponins (TS), which are the major constituents of ESF, have not been comprehensively analyzed thus far.Objective: We conducted a complete in-depth MS/MS molecular networking (MN)based targeted analysis of TS from the crude extract of ESF and investigated its neuroprotective value.Methods: An MS/MS MN-guided strategy was used to rapidly present a series of precursor ions (PIs) of TS in a compound cluster as TS-targeted information used in the discovery and characterization of TS. In addition, a prepared TS-rich fraction of ESF was assayed for its restraining effects on β-amyloid-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth.Results: A total of 87 TS were discovered using a PI tracking strategy, 28 of which were characterized as potentially undescribed structures according to their highresolution MS values. Furthermore, the TS-rich fraction can significantly reduce

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MS/MS molecular networking‐guided in‐depth profiling of triterpenoid saponins from the fruit of Eleutherococcus senticosus and their neuroprotectivity evaluation

Zhou

Ren

et al. 2022

Phytochemical Analysis

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“…The root is ground into a powder and taken in capsules or as a tincture. A decoction known as Siberian ginseng tea is made from dried leaves [ 84 , 91 ].…”

Section: Specific Nootropic Herb Shrub and Tree Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nootropic Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees as Potential Cognitive Enhancers

Malík

Tlustos

2023

Plants

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Plant-based nootropics are a diverse group of natural drugs that can improve cognitive abilities through various physiological mechanisms, especially in cases where these functions are weakened or impaired. In many cases, the nootropics enhance erythrocyte plasticity and inhibit aggregation, which improves the blood’s rheological properties and increases its flow to the brain. Many of these formulations possess antioxidant activity that protects brain tissue from neurotoxicity and improves the brain’s oxygen supply. They can induce the synthesis of neuronal proteins, nucleic acids, and phospholipids for constructing and repairing neurohormonal membranes. These natural compounds can potentially be present in a great variety of herbs, shrubs, and even some trees and vines. The plant species reviewed here were selected based on the availability of verifiable experimental data and clinical trials investigating potential nootropic effects. Original research articles, relevant animal studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical trials were included in this review. Selected representatives of this heterogeneous group included Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst., Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim., Ginkgo biloba L., Lepidium meyenii Walp., Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Paullinia cupana Kunth, Rhodiola rosea L., Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. The species are depicted and described, together with their active components and nootropic effects, and evidence of their efficacy is presented. The study provides brief descriptions of the representative species, their occurrence, history, and the chemical composition of the principle medicinal compounds, with uses, indications, experimental treatments, dosages, possible side effects, and contraindications. Most plant nootropics must be taken at optimal doses for extended periods before measurable improvement occurs, but they are generally very well tolerated. Their psychoactive properties are not produced by a single molecule but by a synergistic combination of several compounds. The available data suggest that including extracts from these plants in medicinal products to treat cognitive disorders can have substantial potential therapeutic benefits.

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“…This phenomenon also occurs in the caffeine study, where the low dose (4 mg/kg) of caffeine inhibited the 5‐HT level in SD rats (Lim et al, 2001) while the high dose (30 mg/kg) in Wistar rats made the 5‐HT increased (Khaliq et al, 2012). Furthermore, the dosage differences of ES had been found to perform inconsistent neural protective effects in some studies (Huang et al, 2022). In addition to the 5‐HT, Jin et al also discovered that the content of cAMP‐response element‐binding (CREB) protein in the hippocampus was significantly increased with gavage doses of 1 and 2 g/kg ES in mice.…”

Section: Nds Relevant Pharmacological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus on the neurological disorders

Zhou

et al. 2022

Phytotherapy Research

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Eleutherococcus senticosus is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine and edible remedies with effects on anti-fatigue, sleep improvement, and memory enhancement. Recently, the application of E. senticosus to neurological disorders has been a focus. However, its overall pharmacological effect on neural diseases and relevant mechanisms are needed in an in-depth summary. In this review, the traditional uses and the therapeutic effect of E. senticosus on the treatment of fatigue, depression, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia were summarized. In addition, the underlying mechanisms involved in the anti-oxidative damage, anti-inflammation, neurotransmitter modulation, improvement of neuronal growth, and anti-apoptosis were discussed. This review will accelerate the understanding of the neuroprotective effects brought from the E. senticosus, and impetus its development as a phytotherapy agent against neurological disorders.

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Memory enhancement effect of saponins from Eleutherococcus senticosus leaves and blood–brain barrier-permeated saponins profiling using a pseudotargeted monitoring strategy

Abstract: Dried Eleutherococcus senticosus leaves (ESL), also known as Siberian ginseng tea, are beneficial for human neural disorders. Our previous studies showed that the aqueous extract of ESL enhanced memory in...

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

MS/MS molecular networking‐guided in‐depth profiling of triterpenoid saponins from the fruit of Eleutherococcus senticosus and their neuroprotectivity evaluation

MS/MS molecular networking‐guided in‐depth profiling of triterpenoid saponins from the fruit of Eleutherococcus senticosus and their neuroprotectivity evaluation

Nootropic Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees as Potential Cognitive Enhancers

Pharmacological effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus on the neurological disorders

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