Memory for event duration in rats

Santi, Angelo; Weise, Lorraine; Kuiper, Dwayne

doi:10.1016/0023-9690(95)90012-8

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Recal1that the pigeons in Group Dark-Dark pecked the samples significantly more than did the pigeons in Group LightDark. Choose-long effects of the kind found here have been reported in both rats (Santi, Weise, & Kuiper, 1995) and pigeons (Santi, Stanford, & Coyle, 1998) when samples involved durations of tone, but, to our knowledge, this is the first time such a bias has been reported in pigeons using visual sample durations.…”

Section: Retention Functionscontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…The implication of the results of Experiment 2 is that when the retention intervals are distinctively different from the intertrial intervals and the pigeons are discouraged from timing through the retention intervals by training them with long retention intervals, it can be shown that memory for duration samples does not subjectively shorten with time, as has been assumed (e.g., Grant & Spetch, 1991, 1993Spetch & Rusak, 1992;Staddon & Higa, 1999). In this regard, it is of interest that Santi et al (1995) reported parallel retention functions (similar to those found in Experiment 2 of the present study) for rats trained with visual duration samples. Although it is difficult to make meaningful cross-species comparisons, Santi et al's (1995) finding indicates that parallel retention functions following duration sample-matching training are not unique to the present experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Event-duration discrimination by pigeons: The choose-short effect may result from retention-test novelty

Dorrance

Kaiser

Zentall

2000

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Pigeons trained on a conditional event-duration discrimination typically "choose short" when retention intervals are inserted between samples and comparisons.In two experiments, we tested the hypothesis that this effect results from ambiguity produced by the similarity of the novel retention intervals and the familiar intertrial interval by training pigeons with retention intervals from the outset and, for one group, in addition, making retention intervals distinctive from the intertrial intervals. In Experiment 1,when the retention intervals (0-4 sec) were not distinctive from the intertrial intervals, the pigeons did not show a clear choose-short effect even when extended retention intervals (8 sec) were introduced. When the retention intervals were distinctive, the pigeons showed a choose-long effect (they appeared to time through the retention interval), but it was relatively weak until the retention intervals were extended to 8 sec. In Experiment 2, when pigeons were discouraged from timing through the retention intervals by making the intertrial intervals and retention intervals salient distinct events and using long (up to 16-sec) retention intervals in training, parallel retention functions were found. It appears that when ambiguity is removed, forgetting by pigeons does not occur by the process of subjective shortening. These experiments suggest that the accurate interpretation of results of animal memory research using differential-duration samples must consider the novelty of the retention intervals on test trials as well as their similarity to other trial events.When pigeons are trained on a conditional discrimination in which the duration ofthe sample serves as the conditional stimulus (a short sample indicates that one of the comparisons is correct, and a long sample indicates that the other comparison is correct), the slope ofthe retention function with increasing delays depends on whether the sample is the longer or the shorter duration. Specifically, as retention intervals increase, matching accuracy on the short-sample trials typically remains high, but matching accuracy on the long-sample trials declines rapidly--often falling below chance at longer retention intervals (e.g., Spetch & Wilkie, 1982). These results have been interpreted as evidence of the subjective shortening of event duration with increasing retention intervals. That is, as the retention interval increases, memory for the sample duration shortens, such that, after longer retention intervals, memory for the long sample is actually more similar to that of the short sample at no delay (see Staddon & Higa, 1999, for a formal version of this model).Surprisingly, however, there is evidence, that this "choose-short" effect can be eliminated by merely illuminating the houselight during the intertrial interval. Under these conditions, the pigeons show parallel reten- tion functions (Spetch & Rusak, 1992). To account for this finding, Spetch and Rusak proposed that the pigeons evaluate the durations of the samples relative to the tempor...

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Section: Retention Functionscontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Event-duration discrimination by pigeons: The choose-short effect may result from retention-test novelty

Dorrance

Kaiser

Zentall

2000

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…In an attempt to replicate these results with a different paradigm, rats were trained on a short-term memory for duration task using a delayed symbolic conditional discrimination procedure (Jackson et aI., 1994). It had previously been shown that rats can acquire high proficiency in short-term memory for duration information (Santi, Weise, & Kuiper, 1995). In the Jackson et al experiment, the rats had to learn that a black rectangle stimulus that was visible for 2 sec would result in a positive (go) reinforcement for one object (a ball) and no reinforcement (no go) for a different object (a bottle).…”

Section: Memory For Duration-animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mediation of memory for time: Role of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex

Kesner

1998

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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Within the context of the neurobiology of attribute model, memory for the temporal attribute is composed of at least three features-memory for duration, memory for succession, or temporal order, and memory for past and future time perspective within a dual-based (data and knowledge) memory system. Research aimed at testing the assumption that the hippocampus and interconnected neural circuits mediate the temporal attribute within the data-based memory system and the prefrontal cortex and interconnected neural circuits mediate the temporal attribute within the knowledge-based memory system in animals and humans is reviewed. The research indicates that (1) memory for the duration feature of the temporal attribute is mediated by the hippocampus, but not prefrontal cortex, in both animals and humans, (2) memory for the temporal order feature of the temporal attribute based on new information is subserved by both the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, but that based on prior knowledge or the ability to use prior knowledge is supported only by prefrontal cortex, and not the hippocampus, in both animals and humans, and (3) memory for the past (time perspective) feature of the temporal attribute is mediated by the hippocampus, whereas memory for the future (time perspective) feature of the temporal attribute is supported by the prefrontal cortex in both animals and humans. There is a clear parallel between animals and humans in terms of hippocampal and prefrontal cortex mediation of the temporal attribute, supporting the assumption of evolutionary continuity. There is support for a greater involvement of the hippocampus in comparison with the prefrontal cortex in mediating temporal attribute information within the data-based memory system. Conversely, there is support for a greater involvement of the prefrontal cortex in comparison with the hippocampus in mediating temporal attribute information within the knowledge-based memory system. Future research needs to concentrate on the development of new paradigms to measure memory for different temporal features and to uncover the critical neural circuits that subserve these temporal features,The structure and utilization of memory is central to one's knowledge of the past, interpretation of the present, and prediction of the future. Therefore, understanding the structural and process components of memory systems at the psychological and neurobiological levels is of paramount importance. In recent years, there have been a number of attempts to divide learning and memory into multiple memory systems. Schacter and Tulving (1994) have suggested that one needs to define memory systems in terms of the kind of information to be represented, the processes associated with the operation of each system, and the neurobiological substrates, including neural structures and mechanisms that subserve each system. Furthermore, it is likely that within each system there are multiple forms or subsystems associated with each memory system, and there are likely to be multiple processes that ...

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“…However, when memory for event duration is examined in rats with a choice procedure, the typical finding is a choose-long effect (Berz, Battig, & Welzl, 1992;Church, 1980, Experiment 3B;Meek, Church, & Olton, 1984;S. Roberts, 1982;Santi, Stanford, & Coyle, 1997;Santi, Weise, & Kuiper, 1995). That is, rats show an increasing tendency to make the comparison response appropriate for the long-duration sample.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies in which choice responding is based on visual or auditory discriminative cues, the stimulus used to stop the clock may depend on the modality of the signal and the modality of the cue. When the modalities differ, as in a "tone signal-visual choice cue" group (Santi et al, 1995) or a "light signal-tone choice cue" group (Santi et al, 1997), rats appear to use the onset of choice cues to stop the clock rather than the offset of the signal. On the other hand, when the modalities are the same as in a "visual signalvisual choice cue" group (Santi et al, 1995), rats appear to use the offset of the signal itself to stop the clock.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigeons’ memory for event duration: Differences between visual and auditory signals

Santi

Stanford

Coyle

1998

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In Experiment 1,pigeons were trained to discriminate short (2 sec) and long (8 sec) durations of tone by responding to red and green comparison stimuli. During delay testing, a systematic response bias to the comparison stimulus correct for the long duration occurred. Tests of responding without the tone reduced accuracy on long-sample trials but not on short-sample trials suggesting that the pigeons were attending to the tone and not simply timing the total trial duration. The pigeons were then trained to match short (2 sec) and long (8 sec) durations of light to blue/yellow comparisons. During delay testing, "choose-long errors" occurred following tone durations, but "choose-short errors" occurred following light durations. In Experiment 2, accuracy was assessed on test trials in which the tone and the light signals were simultaneously presented for the same duration or for different durations. Pigeons responded accurately to durations of light, but were unable to accurately respond to durations of tone simultaneously presented with the light. The data from Experiment 1 suggest that there are important differences between light and tone signals with respect to the events that control the termination of timing. The data from Experiment 2 indicate that pigeons cannot simultaneously time visual and auditory signals independently and without interference. Consequently, they are inconsistent with the idea that there is a single internal clock that times both tone and light durations.

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Memory for event duration in rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Event-duration discrimination by pigeons: The choose-short effect may result from retention-test novelty

Event-duration discrimination by pigeons: The choose-short effect may result from retention-test novelty

Neural mediation of memory for time: Role of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex

Pigeons’ memory for event duration: Differences between visual and auditory signals

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