Memory in repeat sports-related concussive injury and single-impact traumatic brain injury

Wright, Matthew; Monti, Martin M.; Lutkenhoff, Evan S.; Hardy, David; Litvin, P; Kelly, Daniel F.; Guskiewicz, Kevin M.; Cantu, Robert C.; Vespa, Paul; Hovda, David A.; Lopez, Walter D.; Wang, Christina; Swerdloff, Ronald S.; Fuster, Joaquı́n M.

doi:10.1080/02699052.2020.1825806

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…As observed in studies investigating memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease, if participants were demonstrating particular difficulties with delayed memory (storage and/or retrieval of information), we would expect reduced delayed memory performance relative to immediate memory performance (40), which was not the case. This is in contrast to previous research by Wright et al (1) comparing the memory profiles of retired NFL players with a history of RHI against individuals with single-impact TBI (relative to controls) on a list-learning task (the CVLT-II). These findings indicated that RHI is primarily associated with storage and retrieval deficits, but not encoding deficits (1).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…Previous research (1) indicated that immediate episodic memory (i.e., encoding) impairments do not appear to be associated with RHI, and our study provides evidence to the contrary. However, further research is required on larger sample sizes to further understand the relationship between RHI and encoding deficits in this complex population.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…This research is beneficial to the scientific community mainly because it contributes to the pre-existing body of literature on the neuropsychological profile of RHI. Previous research (1) has indicated that immediate episodic memory (i.e., encoding) impairments do not appear to be associated with RHI, and our study provides evidence to the contrary.…”

Section: What This Study Adds?contrasting

confidence: 66%

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Episodic memory impairment in patients with repetitive head injury: Initial findings of the SNAP-CTE cohort study

Erskine

Batchelor

Maddren

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is considered a long-term, neurodegenerative consequence of repetitive head injury (RHI). This cohort study aimed to characterise the episodic memory profiles (specifically, immediate and delayed memory) of individuals with RHI history through neuropsychological assessment. Hypotheses included participants demonstrating reduced episodic memory functioning, and greater reductions in functioning observed with greater years of RHI exposure. Methods: Neuropsychological assessment was conducted on 34 adults with ≥10 years of RHI exposure as a cohort study. Main outcome measures were auditory memory indices (AMI), immediate memory indices (AII), and auditory delayed memory indices (ADI). Other potential predictors of outcome variables (in addition to years of exposure duration) were also measured and factored into analysis so that they could be controlled for. Results: AMI [t (33) = -2.4, p = .020), AII (t = -2.7, p = .012), and ADI (t = -2.7, p = .44) were all significantly below normative levels. AMI [t (33) = 4.1, p <.001), AII (t = 4.3, p <.001), and ADI (t = 3.7, p <.001) were also significantly below participants' measured premorbid functioning. None of the comorbidities that were considered as possible confounding variables predicted the relationship of any outcome variables. Conclusions: Previous research indicated that immediate episodic memory (i.e., encoding) impairments do not appear to be associated with RHI, and our study provides evidence to the contrary. However, further research is required on larger sample sizes to further understand the relationship between RHI and encoding deficits in this complex population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: What This Study Adds?contrasting

confidence: 66%

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Episodic memory impairment in patients with repetitive head injury: Initial findings of the SNAP-CTE cohort study

Erskine

Batchelor

Maddren

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Performance on tests of working memory, which represents one aspect of attention, was not impaired. These findings extend recent reports (23,44) of an impairment of episodic memory in this population and contribute to the literature by demonstrating a significant disparity between the individual's IQ and memory (45). These findings cannot be explained by reference to poorly matched groups or other methodological limitations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Memory is supported by three processes: encoding (the intake and organization of information); consolidation (the storage of information); and retrieval (accessing the information) (23). A prominent study of sporting related RC/SCI (n = 35), as compared with single-impact head trauma (n = 35) or healthy controls (n = 20), found that both injury groups showed significant consolidation and retrieval deficits, whereas the single-impact head trauma group showed greater difficulty encoding (23). Although, it is unclear which aspects of episodic memory deficits are related to CTE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic memory deficits are associated with impaired insight in traumatic encephalopathy syndrome: Initial findings of the SNAP-CTE study

Mobbs

Batchelor

Teunisse

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has been identified at post-mortem in Australian football codes players. Detailed and objective clinical and radiological characterization of patients at-risk of sporting and non-sporting repetitive concussive and subconcussive traumatic brain injury (RC/SCI) is important to our understanding of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) and CTE. This paper presents the initial findings of the symptomatology, neurocognitive, and pathophysiological changes in CTE (SNAP-CTE) study. A preliminary, retrospective, cohort study of 28 patients (25 males and 3 females) presenting with complaints of mood, behavioral, and cognitive decline, comprising TES, aged 24 to 78 years (M = 53, SD = 15.3) with at least 10 years of exposure to RC/SCI (mostly through contact sport) and cognitive decline were examined including: demographics; duration of play; age of first exposure to RC/SCI; and neuropsychology. Participants performed significantly worse in tests of auditory, visual, immediate, and delayed memory compared to a normative sample. Those with absent insight, compared to those with preserved insight, had a larger discrepancy between predicted and actual auditory memory scores, and had more severe mood disturbances. Insight, a hallmark sign of dementia, was either absent or impaired in a significant proportion (M = 36.4%, 95% CI =17.2% - 59.3%) of the sample aged under 65, compared with normative epidemiological data. This indicates that RC/SCI may be associated with risk of an early onset dementia syndrome representing probably TES/CTE. CTE is increasingly of concern to the Australian community, and further research in this area is necessary. This retrospective preliminary study will form the basis of large, prospective, longitudinal cohort studies, assessing the natural history of TES/CTE in Australian athletes.

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18F-Flortaucipir (AV1451) imaging identifies grey matter atrophy in retired athletes

Vasilevskaya,

Anastassiadis,

Thapa

et al. 2024

J Neurol

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Background The long-term consequences of concussions may include pathological neurodegeneration as seen in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Tau-PET showed promise as a method to detect tau pathology of CTE, but more studies are needed Objective This study aimed (1) to assess the association of imaging evidence of tau pathology with brain volumes in retired athletes and (2) to examine the relationship between tau-PET and neuropsychological functioning. Methods Former contact sport athletes were recruited through the Canadian Football League Alumni Association or the Canadian Concussion Centre clinic. Athletes completed MRI, [18F]flortaucipir tau-PET, and a neuropsychological battery. Memory composite was created by averaging the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Rey Visual Design Learning Test z-scores. Grey matter (GM) volumes were age/intracranial volume corrected using normal control MRIs. Tau-PET % positivity in GM was calculated as the number of positive voxels (≥ 1.3 standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR)/total voxels). Results 47 retired contact sport athletes negative for AD (age:51 ± 14; concussions/athlete:15 ± 2) and 54 normal controls (age:50 ± 13) were included. Tau-PET positive voxels had significantly lower GM volumes, compared to tau-PET negative voxels (− 0.37 ± 0.41 vs. − 0.31 ± 0.37, paired p = .006). There was a significant relationship between GM tau-PET % positivity and memory composite score (r = − .366, p = .02), controlled for age, PET scanner, and PET scan duration. There was no relationship between tau-PET measures and concussion number, or years of sport played. Conclusion A higher tau-PET signal was associated with reduced GM volumes and lower memory scores. Tau-PET may be useful for identifying those at risk for neurodegeneration.

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Memory in repeat sports-related concussive injury and single-impact traumatic brain injury

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Episodic memory impairment in patients with repetitive head injury: Initial findings of the SNAP-CTE cohort study

Episodic memory impairment in patients with repetitive head injury: Initial findings of the SNAP-CTE cohort study

Episodic memory deficits are associated with impaired insight in traumatic encephalopathy syndrome: Initial findings of the SNAP-CTE study

18F-Flortaucipir (AV1451) imaging identifies grey matter atrophy in retired athletes

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