Memory strategies in pigeons' performance of a radial-arm-maze analog task.

Zentall, Thomas R.; Steirn, Janice; Jackson-Smith, Pamela

doi:10.1037/0097-7403.16.4.358

Cited by 52 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Although we replicated the results of Zentall et al (1990) and Steirn et al (1992), the present results suggest that pigeons may use a prospective coding strategy to perform the radial maze analog task, rather than a dual coding strategy, as previously found. This novel finding in Experiment 2 was replicated in Experiment 3 with pigeons that had not been exposed to the procedures used in Experiment 1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Conversely, if subtracting relative control errors from delay errors, as Zentall et al (1990) did, provides a biased estimate of errors attributable to the delay, evidence for dual coding may not be found.…”

Section: Evidence For Flexible Within-trial Coding Processesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Alternatively, the memory code may consist of a representation of the correct comparison or a response intention (i.e., the memory code may be prospective in nature). Although most of the evidence suggests that animals use retrospective codes, there is evidence that both retrospective and prospective codes can be used by pigeons (Grant, 1993;Honig, 1978Honig, , 1981Honig & Thompson, 1982;Roitblat, 1993;Steirn, Zentall, & Sherburne, 1992;Wasserman, 1986;Zentall, 1998;Zentall, Steirn, & Jackson-Smith, 1990) and rats (Cook, Brown, & Riley, 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pigeons may not use dual coding in the radial maze analog task.

DiGian

Zentall

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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Using a radial maze analog task, T. R. Zentall, J. N. Steirn, and P. Jackson-Smith (1990) found evidence that when a delay was interpolated early in a trial, pigeons coded locations retrospectively, but when the delay was interpolated late in the trial, they coded locations prospectively (support for a dual coding hypothesis). In Experiment 1 of the present study, the authors replicated the original finding of dual coding. In Experiments 2 and 3, they used a 2-alternative test procedure that does not require the assumption that pigeons' choice criterion, which changes over the course of the trial, is the same on delay and control trials. Under these conditions, the pigeons no longer showed evidence for dual coding. Instead, there was some evidence that they showed prospective coding, but a more parsimonious account of the results may be that the delay produced a relatively constant decrement in performance at all points of delay interpolation. The original finding of dual coding by Zentall et al. might have been biased by more impulsive choices early in control trials but not in delay trials and by a more stringent choice criterion late in delay trials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Evidence For Flexible Within-trial Coding Processesmentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pigeons may not use dual coding in the radial maze analog task.

DiGian

Zentall

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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“…One presumably has no scientifically legitimate means of seeing or observing the future. Many researchers have tried, nevertheless, to develop tasks and performances by which natural-language ideas like anticipating or expecting could be scientifically investigated (e.g., Estes, 1943;Grant & Kelly, 2001;Guthrie, 1935;Tinklepaugh, 1928;Tolman, 1932Tolman, , 1959Zentall, Steirn, & Jackson-Smith, 1990). We agree with Skinner's (1989) suggestion that naturalistic, everyday situations presumably contributed to the development of everyday cognitive terms in the first place.…”

Section: A Speculation About the Plain English Meaning Of Anticipatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipating by Pigeons Depends on Local Statistical Information in a Serial Response Time Task.

Froehlich¹,

Herbranson²,

Loper³

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Pigeons responded in a serial response time task patterned after that of M. J. Nissen and P. Bullemer (1987) with humans. Experiment 1 produced global facilitation: Response times in repeating lists of locations were faster than when locations were random. Response time to a spatial location was also a function of both that location's 1st-and 2nd-order local predictability, in rough agreement with the HickϪHyman law, according to which response time is a linear function of amount of information. Experiment 2 showed that both local and global facilitation is limited to moderate response-to-stimulus intervals of about 0.50 to 2.00 s. Experiment 3 showed that response time did not depend on global statistical information. Overall, local and global performances depended on local statistical information, but global performance did not depend on global information. Local facilitation was interpreted in plain English as anticipating.

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“…Development of this task was motivated by the persistent reporting of rather short-lived spatial memory in pigeons tested on a variety of spatial memory tasks (e.g., delayed alternation- Olson & Maki, 1983; radial maze-Roberts & Van Veldhuizen, 1985; walking maze-Spetch, 1990; delayed matching-Wilkie & Summers, 1982; keypeck analogue of the radial maze-sZentall, Steirn, & Jackson-Smith, 1990). The often short-lived memory in this species stands in contrast to that reported for several species of food-caching birds (e.g., Sherry, 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

More evidence of robust spatial associative memory in the pigeon,Columba livia

Wilkie

Willson

1995

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Willsonand Wilkie(1993) developed a novel procedure for assessing pigeons' memory for the spatiallocation of food. Only one of four locations (consisting of an illuminated pecking key and grain feeder) provided food each day.Over days, different locations provided food. The pigeons' tendency to revisit the location that was profitable on the previous day demonstrated memory for food-spatiallocation associations over a period of 24 h, retention longer than previously reported for this species. This basic finding was replicated and extended in three experiments. Experiment 1 demonstrated that location-food discriminations were also remembered well when established with successive rather than concurrent procedures. Experiment 2 demonstrated that pigeons can remember two location-food associations over 24 h. Experiment 3 showed that the discrimination training inherent in this paradigm is important for retention; retention was impaired when only the rewarded location was presented. Overall, this research suggests that cross-species differences in spatial memory performance may be due to quantitative rather than qualitative differences in the memory system underlying performance.We have recently developed a new procedure to study pigeons' spatial memory (Willson & Wilkie, 1993). Development of this task was motivated by the persistent reporting of rather short-lived spatial memory in pigeons tested on a variety of spatial memory tasks (e.g., delayed alternation- Olson & Maki, 1983; radial maze-Roberts & Van Veldhuizen, 1985; walking maze-Spetch, 1990; delayed matching-Wilkie & Summers, 1982; keypeck analogue of the radial maze-sZentall, Steirn, & Jackson-Smith, 1990). The often short-lived memory in this species stands in contrast to that reported for several species of food-caching birds (e.g., Sherry, 1984). However, an examination of the tasks on which pigeons' spatial memory has been assessed reveals that they are all working memory tasks (Honig, 1978). In contrast, food-caching birds are thought to use a spatial-location-food associative memory to locate their caches (Brodbeck, Burack, & Shettleworth, 1992;Shettleworth, 1985; but see Olson, 1991, for a direct comparison between pigeons and food-storing birds on a working memory task). Spatial associative The task is straightforward. Pigeons are tested in a large, clear Plexiglas box placed on a table in a well-lit room containing a variety ofvisual cues. A key and grain feeder are located on each of the four walls of the box. Sessions are short (approximately 16 min) and consist of illumination of all four keys, only one of which (randomly selected) produces response-contingent food. Food becomes available on the selected key after the passage of a brief interval at the start of the session. Pigeons quickly discover the rewarded key and persist in responding to that location during the initial nonrewarded period of the next session, even when sessions are separated by 72 h (Willson & Wilkie, 1993). This perseverative responding in the face of extended delays ...

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Memory strategies in pigeons' performance of a radial-arm-maze analog task.

Cited by 52 publications

References 34 publications

Pigeons may not use dual coding in the radial maze analog task.

Pigeons may not use dual coding in the radial maze analog task.

Anticipating by Pigeons Depends on Local Statistical Information in a Serial Response Time Task.

More evidence of robust spatial associative memory in the pigeon,Columba livia

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