MEMS-Based Electronically Steerable Antenna Array Fabricated Using PCB Technology

Sundaram, A.; Maddela, M.; Ramadoss, Ramesh; Feldner, L.M.

doi:10.1109/jmems.2008.916291

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similar monolithic phased array previously reported on these laminates used complex printed circuit board processes which uses laser cutting, computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling, and thermo-compression bonding [15]. In contrast, the proposed phase shifter fabrication is simple, economical and can be cofabricated on laminates along with other components with marginally extended fabrication processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Low-Cost Phased Array Antenna Integrated With Phase Shifters Cofabricated on the Laminate

Goel¹,

Vinoy²

2011

PIER B

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Abstract-This paper presents the design, development and experimental characterization of a monolithic phased array antenna integrated on a microwave laminate.A four-element linear antenna array is realized by cofabricating the corporate feed network, microstrip-CPW transitions, DC blocks, and mesoscale phase shifters on the same substrate. The phase shifters used here are electrostatically actuated and their operation is similar to that of the distributed MEMS transmission line phase shifters. Various components of the array are designed and are individually evaluated before fabricating together. The measured radiation pattern characteristics for this array shows a scan angle of 10 • in the Xband. All fabrication processes employed here can be performed at a good printed circuit manufacturing facility. This simple approach of cofabricating various components can be readily extended for large phased arrays required in radar and space communication applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Low-Cost Phased Array Antenna Integrated With Phase Shifters Cofabricated on the Laminate

Goel¹,

Vinoy²

2011

PIER B

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“…Electrostatic parallel-plate actuators (PPA) and magnetic solenoids are commonly used actuators in industrial applications. PPAs are used to generate desired motion in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices such as antennas [1], resonators [2], accelerometers [3], switches [4], micro-mirrors [5], and gyroscopes [6]. The nonlinear plunger-type solenoids are also used as key actuators in variety of fields, such as biomedical apparatuses [7], internet of things [8] and magnetic bearings [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Snap-In: A Hybrid Nonlinear Control Approach for Actuators Possessing a Square-Law Characteristic

Wang

Hou

et al. 2019

Electronics

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The undesired square-law characteristics in micro-electrostatic actuators and magnetic solenoids results in a limited stable range, which reduces their application fields and performance. This research investigated the isomorphic dynamics in these actuators and observed that the nonlinear drive force and the uncertain time delay are the challenges for the full range position controller design. A hybrid nonlinear control scheme includes an input-output linearization controller and a feedback posicast compensator for targeting these problems with abundant stability margin. The experimental results show that the stable range has been extended from 33% to 80%. Furthermore, it is the first literature report of this type of actuator that can track sinusoidal motion beyond the conventional stable range with an amplitude of 70% of the total range. This contribution can significantly enhance the performance of micro-sensors or expand the usage of electrostatic/magnetic actuators in motion-control systems.

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“…Electronically steerable radio-frequency (RF) aperture antennas are highly demanded by a vast number of applications, such as radar, cognitive radio, wireless communications, and microwave imaging [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The design and implementation of digital aperture array beamformers having several octaves of bandwidth at relatively constant far-field beam shape in the polar pattern is of interest for ultra-wide-band (UWB) systems [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide‐band aperture array using a four‐channel manifold‐type planar multiplexer and digital 2‐D IIR filterbank

Sengupta

Madanayake

Gómez‐García

et al. 2016

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SUMMARYEmerging wide-band communications and spectrum-sensing systems demand support for multiple electronically scanned beams while maintaining a frequency independent, constant far-field beam width. Realizing existing phased-array technology on a digital scale is computationally intensive. Moreover, digitizing wide-band signals at Nyquist rate requires complex high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), which is challenging for real developments driven by the current ADC technology. A low-complexity alternative proposed in this paper is the use of radio-frequency (RF) channelizers for spectrum division followed by sub-sampling of the RF sub-bands, which results in extensive reduction of the necessary ADC operative frequency. The RF-channelized array signals are directionally filtered using 2-D digital filterbanks. This mixed-domain RF/digital aperture array allows sub-sampling, without utilizing multi-rate 2-D systolic arrays, which are difficult to realize in practice. Simulated examples showing 14-19 dB of rejection of wide-band interference and noise for a processed bandwidth of 1.6 GHz are demonstrated. The sampling rate is 400 MHz. The proposed VLSI hardware uses a single-phase clock signal of 400 MHz. Prototype hardware realizations and measurement using 65-nm Xilinx field-programmable gate arrays, as well as Cadence RTL synthesis results including gate counts, area-time complexity, and dynamic power consumption for a 45-nm CMOS circuit operating at B DC = 1.1 V, are presented.

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MEMS-Based Electronically Steerable Antenna Array Fabricated Using PCB Technology

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

A Low-Cost Phased Array Antenna Integrated With Phase Shifters Cofabricated on the Laminate

A Low-Cost Phased Array Antenna Integrated With Phase Shifters Cofabricated on the Laminate

Beyond Snap-In: A Hybrid Nonlinear Control Approach for Actuators Possessing a Square-Law Characteristic

Wide‐band aperture array using a four‐channel manifold‐type planar multiplexer and digital 2‐D IIR filterbank

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