“…Critiques of the 'total institution' Goffman (1961) defined the 'total institution' as a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals, cut off from the wider society for an appreciable length of time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life (Goffman 1961, 11). Applied to an extraordinarily diverse range of circumstances and contexts, such as homes for the elderly (Mali 2008), psychiatric units (Skorpen et al 2008), the home (Noga 1991), the mass media (Altheide 1991), the military and the police (Rosenbloom 2011) and sport (Cavalier 2011), its appropriateness as a means of understanding the 'prison' has been widely critiqued; there are disjunctures between the theory and the actuality of imprisonment. Farrington (1992, 6), argues that the 'total institution' thesis is 'in fact, fairly inaccurate as a portrayal of the structure and functioning of the .…”