Men deny and women cry, but who dies? Do the wages of “denial” include early ischemic coronary heart disease?

Ketterer, Mark W.; Denollet, Johan; Chapp, Jeanine; Thayer, Beth; Keteyian, S. J.; Clark, Vivian L.; John, Sarine; Farha, Amjad; Deveshwar, Sangita

doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00501-4

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In those patients, Type D was associated with a 4-8 fold increased risk of mortality and non-fatal MI [3][4][5], a 7-fold increased risk of developing cancer [9], less positive and more negative affect [10] including vital exhaustion [11], a 4-fold risk of PTSD [7], and decreased age at initial IHD diagnosis [12].…”

Section: Adverse Effect On Prognosis In Ischemic Heart Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Is Type D Personality Here to Stay? Emerging Evidence Across Cardiovascular Disease Patient Groups

Pedersen¹,

Denollet²

2006

CCR

128

130

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Abstract:The distressed personality (Type D) is an emerging risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) that incurs a risk on par with left ventricular dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease. Type D is defined as the co-occurring tendencies to experience increased negative emotions and to inhibit self-expression in social interactions. Evidence is accumulating that Type D may also be a risk factor for adverse outcome across CVD patient groups, including patients undergoing revascularization with drug-eluting stent implantation or bypass surgery, patients with heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and arrhythmia. In these patient groups, Type D personality has been associated with a 2-5 fold increased risk of adverse prognosis, impaired quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression independent of traditional biomedical risk factors, including disease severity. Although little is known about the pathways responsible for the detrimental effects of Type D on clinical outcome, the immune system and health-related behaviors, such as smoking and noncompliance, are likely candidates. Further research is warranted to investigate whether Type D personality is here to stay as a risk factor for CVD, but weighing current evidence on Type D against a set of external criteria shows that Type D personality fulfills the majority of these criteria. Importantly, Type D can easily be assessed in clinical research and practice with the standardized and validated DS14.

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Section: Adverse Effect On Prognosis In Ischemic Heart Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Is Type D Personality Here to Stay? Emerging Evidence Across Cardiovascular Disease Patient Groups

Pedersen¹,

Denollet²

2006

CCR

128

130

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“…Indeed, the reason why we observed adverse effects in men only may be due to a lower probability of depressive symptoms disclosure and the tendency in men, especially younger men, to deny depression, which may leave depression untreated more often in men compared to women [29]. Because of the very low rate of antidepressant prescriptions in our cohort, we could not assess whether antidepressants modify the association between depression and MACE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Sex Differences in Depression Treatment and Impact on Outcomes Following Premature Acute Coronary Syndrome

Pelletier¹,

Ditto²,

Lavoie³

et al. 2017

Clin Depress

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Aims: Access to anti-depressants, and prognosis in younger depressed men and women with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requires further investigation. We assessed the prevalence of depression, antidepressant prescription, and the association of depression with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in men and women with premature ACS. Methods and results:1071 ACS men and women (≤ 55 years) were recruited between January 2009 and April 2013 into GENESIS PRAXY, a multicentre prospective observational cohort study, from 24 hospitals in Canada, one in the US and one in Switzerland. Depression was measured by self-report using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Prescription of antidepressants at baseline and 12 months, and MACE over 12 months, were assessed using medical chart review and self-report. Depression was present in 20% of men and 32% of women. Only 1% of men and women with no antidepressants at hospital admission were prescribed antidepressants at hospital discharge. Depressed men were 3 times less likely than depressed women to be prescribed antidepressants. The determinants of antidepressants at 12 months included the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in men, and the presence of depression in women. In sex-specific Cox regressions, depressed men had a 2.57 times greater risk of MACE compared with non-depressed men (95% CI: 1.53-4.32), which difference was not seen in women (HR=0.71, 95% CI=0.28-1.81). Conclusion:Despite a decade of sensitization, depression still needs to be better treated after ACS, especially in young men, given that depression is a potent risk factor for adverse outcomes.

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“…While denial is often a stage of both depression and grief, it is hard to capture as a symptomology and may therefore exacerbate misclassification rates, particularly among youth (Ketterer et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One size does not fit all: Psychometric properties of the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ) among adolescents and young adults in Zimbabwe

Haney¹,

Singh²,

Nyamukapa³

et al. 2014

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Men deny and women cry, but who dies? Do the wages of “denial” include early ischemic coronary heart disease?

Abstract: Use of a significant other in assessing psychosocial/emotional distress in males may confer greater accuracy, and therefore predictive power for clinical endpoints.

Cited by 50 publications

References 24 publications

Is Type D Personality Here to Stay? Emerging Evidence Across Cardiovascular Disease Patient Groups

Is Type D Personality Here to Stay? Emerging Evidence Across Cardiovascular Disease Patient Groups

Sex Differences in Depression Treatment and Impact on Outcomes Following Premature Acute Coronary Syndrome

One size does not fit all: Psychometric properties of the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ) among adolescents and young adults in Zimbabwe

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