Men in female-dominated professions: Distinguishing personality and background features

Men in Traditional and Nontraditional Careers: Gender Role Attitudes, Gender Role Conflict, and Job Satisfaction

“…Blau & Diincan, 1967). It appears that, similar to Lemkau's (1984) finding, the career choices of our nontraditional career men represented upward mobility in comparison with their family of origin. For the school counselors, then, a focus on status could be an expression of their effort to rise above the SES level in which they grew up, but not a major factor in enjoyment of their work per se.…”

Explaining Men's Entry into Female‐Concentrated Occupations: Issues of Masculinity and Social Class

“…If, for men, entry to female‐concentrated occupations is a matter of consequence rather than design, and if working in such occupations is considered as a disadvantage for men, then one might expect that the factors usually associated with labour‐market disadvantage (minority ethnic status, lower social class) would be disproportionately found amongst men in such occupations. Support for this comes from Williams and Villemez (1993) and Lemkau (1984) in relation to race and from Lemkau (1984), Kvande (1998) and Lupton (2003) in relation to social class. In both cases there appears to be a paradox — men from ethnic minorities and lower social class groups were more likely to express an aversion to female‐concentrated work, but were also more likely to find themselves there.…”

“…Some writers (Dabbs et al ., 1990; Govier and Bobby, 1994) have reported a relationship between physical attributes that are known to differ between men and women (such as testosterone levels and performance in dichotic listening tests 6 ) and occupational outcomes; in each case showing that men with less ‘masculine’ attributes are more likely to be found in female‐concentrated occupations. Others have explored relationships between psychological measures of masculinity and the presence of men in female‐concentrated occupations (Galbraith, 1991; Hayes, 1989; Jome and Tokar, 1998; Lemkau, 1984; Lobel, 1994; McLean and Kalin, 1994; O’Heron and Orlofsky, 1990; Tokar and Jome, 1998) and though the picture is not wholly consistent there is some evidence of a relationship between masculinity and occupational outcome 7 . Nonetheless, there are two reasons to be cautious about this.…”

Fostering Occupational Role Innovation: Intervention Implications of Two Survey Studies

“…All women completed a biographical questionnaire, the Cattell 16PF personality inventory, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory under three instructional sets. In 1978, this study was replicated with 117 men in female-and male-dominated fields in the greater Atlanta area (Lemkau, 1984), with education controlled at the bachelor's degree level. These studies are the first published that attempt to separate factors related to nontraditional career choice from those related to educational attainment alone.…”

“…Several issues to be addressed in career counseling efforts will be discussed, as these are suggested by two survey studies on occupational innovators. Although the research will be briefly described, the reader is referred to previously published work for the details of research methodology and results (Lemkau, 1979(Lemkau, , 1983(Lemkau, , 1984.…”