Men’s comments on elite women athletes: cultural narratives around gender and sport on Instagram

Krieger, Michelle A.; Santarossa, Sara; Bours, S.; Woodruff, Sarah J.

doi:10.1080/14680777.2022.2041696

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The study by Krieger et al (2022) examined the differences between media coverage and Instagram conversations about women athletes. Researchers analysed comments left by men on posts featuring eight women athletes in ESPN’s “Body Issue” ( Coyne, Santarossa & Dufour , 2022 ) and compared them with traditional media discourse.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of cyberhate speech towards female sport in the Arabic Xsphere

Alhayan,

Almobarak,

Shalabi

et al. 2024

PeerJ Computer Science

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The recent rapid growth in the number of Saudi female athletes and sports enthusiasts’ presence on social media has exposed them to gender-hate speech and discrimination. Hate speech, a harmful worldwide phenomenon, can have severe consequences. Its prevalence in sports has surged alongside the growing influence of social media, with X serving as a prominent platform for the expression of hate speech and discriminatory comments, often targeting women in sports. This research combines two studies that explores online hate speech and gender biases in the context of sports, proposing an automated solution for detecting hate speech targeting women in sports on platforms like X, with a particular focus on Arabic, a challenging domain with limited prior research. In Study 1, semi-structured interviews with 33 Saudi female athletes and sports fans revealed common forms of hate speech, including gender-based derogatory comments, misogyny, and appearance-related discrimination. Building upon the foundations laid by Study 1, Study 2 addresses the pressing need for effective interventions to combat hate speech against women in sports on social media by evaluating machine learning (ML) models for identifying hate speech targeting women in sports in Arabic. A dataset of 7,487 Arabic tweets was collected, annotated, and pre-processed. Term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and part-of-speech (POS) feature extraction techniques were used, and various ML algorithms were trained Random Forest consistently outperformed, achieving accuracy (85% and 84% using TF-IDF and POS, respectively) compared to other methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of both feature sets in identifying Arabic hate speech. The research contribution advances the understanding of online hate targeting Arabic women in sports by identifying various forms of such hate. The systematic creation of a meticulously annotated Arabic hate speech dataset, specifically focused on women’s sports, enhances the dataset’s reliability and provides valuable insights for future research in countering hate speech against women in sports. This dataset forms a strong foundation for developing effective strategies to address online hate within the unique context of women’s sports. The research findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to combat hate speech against women in sports on social media, aligning with the objectives of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and recognizing the significance of female participation in sports.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of cyberhate speech towards female sport in the Arabic Xsphere

Alhayan,

Almobarak,

Shalabi

et al. 2024

PeerJ Computer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Indeed, Australian schoolgirls reported a dichotomy whereby women were either ‘tomboys’ or ‘had no ability to play soccer’ [ 10 ], whilst Irish girls were denied the opportunity to play rugby as they were ‘too feminine’ and because ‘girls get hurt too easily’ [ 4 ]. Perceptions that women have inferior sporting ability compared to men has been observed in player’s families [ 10 ], the general public [ 14 ], federation presidents [ 7 ], and journalists [ 15 ]. Indeed, boys are more likely to have parental and peer support during physical activities [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Probably just sexism’- gendered experiences of resource access in rugby

Petrie,

Mackintosh,

Starbuck

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Research pertaining to the experiences of women in rugby is scarce, which, coupled with the limited visibility of the sport and difficulty accessing resources, suggest that women’s rugby remains undervalued. Indeed, evidence of such gender inequalities remains largely anecdotal, with little rigorous research undertaken to understand the perspectives of women in rugby. This study aimed to explore the experiences of a diverse cohort of rugby players in relation to their participation in the sport and their ability to access resources. Twenty UK-based rugby players (10 men, 9 women and 1 non-binary person aged 29.1 ± 8.3 years) from school, university, club, military, and semi-professional environments, volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews (36 ± 12 minutes) discussing their rugby experiences in relation to their gender and playing level. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken. A widespread under-prioritisation of women in rugby was highlighted. Gender biases were apparent in access to changing rooms, pitches, quality coaches, and playing opportunities, and were reportedly propagated at the managerial level. Irrespective of gender, some amateur players reported difficulty accessing a suitable rugby environment. Insufficient player numbers precluded the formation of second teams, often resulting in inexperienced players competing beyond their ability. Women’s rugby players experienced considerable gender bias. This exploratory study highlights a need to address such issues to protect player welfare. Interventions to change the culture in rugby clubs and increased representation of women in managerial positions in rugby are recommended to enact meaningful change.

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