Men's depression and help-seeking through the lenses of gender.

Addis, Michael E.; Hoffman, Ethan

doi:10.1037/0000023-007

Cited by 49 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…[102]. These coping mechanisms based on self-reliance [97] may also reflect and reinforce for male survivors the fifth mechanism "We have our own ways of dealing with the problem", as described by Spangaro and colleagues [34], perpetuating the invisibility and silence around sexual violence against men and boys, and potentially feeding the manifestation of antisocial behaviours.…”

Section: Theory-building For Interventions Targeting Male and Lgbt Sumentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Principles of psychological treatment -such as, introspection, emotional expressivity and acknowledgement of difficulties -are often in conflict with hegemonic masculinities [28,95]. Conversely, male coping strategies often include denial of "weakness" and "closing-up" [28,96], probably linked to norms condoning self-reliance and emotional control [97]. Research suggests that women are more tolerant of the stigma associated with seeking professional help, more likely than men to recognise their personal need for help, and more open to sharing their problems with other people [98].…”

Section: Theory-building For Interventions Targeting Male and Lgbt Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If all the conditions in the mechanisms described above are met and men decide to "work together to address the problem" [91], there may still be potential gender differences in motivation, commitment and responses to psychological treatment between men and women [115]. Indeed, research has identified persisting gender differences in the prevalence, symptomatology and risk factors of mental health disorders [97,116,117]. Our review did not find specific data for male and female adolescents, and LGBT persons in different age ranges, nor did it find specific studies on CRSV.…”

Section: Gender Differences On Treatment Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Male and LGBT survivors of sexual violence in conflict situations: a realist review of health interventions in low-and middle-income countries

Kiss

Quinlan-Davidson

Pasquero³

et al. 2020

Confl Health

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Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) against women and girls has been the subject of increasing research and scholarship. Less is known about the health of men, boys and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and other gender non-binary persons who survive CRSV. This paper is the first systematic realist review on medical, mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions that focusses on male and LGBT survivors of CRSV. The review explores the gender differences in context, mechanisms and outcomes that underpin interventions addressing the health and psychosocial wellbeing of male and LGBT survivors. The aim is to contribute to the design and delivery of gender-sensitive and, when needed, gender-specific approaches for interventions that respond to specific needs of different groups of all survivors. We conducted a systematic search of academic and grey literature to identify medical and MHPSS interventions that included men, boys and LGBT survivors. We identified interventions specifically targeting women and girls that we used as comparators. We then purposively sampled studies from the fields of gender and health, and sexual abuse against men and LGBT people for theory building and testing. We identified 26 evaluations of interventions for survivors of CRSV. Nine studies included male survivors, twelve studies focussed exclusively on female survivors and one study targeted children and adolescents. No intervention evaluation focussed on LGBT survivors of CRSV. The interventions that included male survivors did not describe specific components for this population. Results of intervention evaluations that included male survivors were not disaggregated by gender, and some studies did not report the gender composition. Although some mental health and psychosocial consequences of sexual violence against men and boys may be similar among male and female survivors, the way each process trauma, display symptoms, seek help, adhere to treatment and improve their mental health differ by gender. Initiatives targeting male and LGBT survivors of CRSV need to be designed to actively address specific gender differences in access, adherence and response to MHPSS interventions. Models of care that are gender-sensitive and integrated to local resources are promising avenues to promote the health of male and LGBT survivors of CRSV.

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Section: Theory-building For Interventions Targeting Male and Lgbt Sumentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Theory-building For Interventions Targeting Male and Lgbt Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gender Differences On Treatment Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Male and LGBT survivors of sexual violence in conflict situations: a realist review of health interventions in low-and middle-income countries

Kiss

Quinlan-Davidson

Pasquero³

et al. 2020

Confl Health

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“…A growing body of evidence highlighting how gender intersects with other social, economic, environmental, political and cultural determinants of health has driven an increasing focus on men's and women's health (12). The importance of gender (masculinities) in men's experience of, and help-seeking for, mental health is particularly well documented (13)(14)(15). Furthermore, failure to recognize and/or seek help for mental health problems has been associated with men's higher rate of suicide (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men and loneliness in the ‘west’: A critical interpretive synthesis

Ratcliffe

Galdas

Kanaan

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundLoneliness has received considerable attention in recent years, but has seldom been investigated through a gendered lens. This review aims to critically summarise research substantively related to men and loneliness.MethodA critical interpretive synthesis, incorporating a pre-defined search strategy, was employed to analyse a broad variety of data. The searches were conducted in July 2019, across seven databases: MEDLINE; PsycINFO; Scopus, ASSIA, SSCI; Sociological Abstracts; and Social Policy and Practice. Included studies were written in English, conducted in high income nations in Western Europe, North America, and Australasia, with no date limitations. Qualitative studies required a substantive focus on sex/men or gender/masculinities and loneliness, and quantitative studies either an explicit focus on sex differences in loneliness, or data substantially relevant to loneliness and men. Seventy-nine studies met the inclusion criteria.ResultsSeven ‘synthetic constructs’ were built: i) men’s loneliness appears more associated with their social network; ii) men may be less emotionally forthright, thus both less inclined to discuss loneliness and less likely to form meaningful relationships; iii) romantic relationships may be more important for preventing loneliness in men; iv) different measurements of loneliness do not show the same sex differences in the prevalence of loneliness; v) lonely men may be more likely to engage in risky/unhealthy behaviour; vi) feeling/being ‘insufficiently masculine’ can result in loneliness; and vii) intersections of identity facilitate different gendered results.ConclusionThese constructs offer a framework that can help inform interventions aimed at preventing/alleviating loneliness in men, and a foundation for future research. Overcoming men’s emotional reticence, and facilitating better quality social networks, appeared critical goals for interventions. Men’s emotional reticence may constitute both a barrier to discussing loneliness, and to forming loneliness preventing relationships. It also appeared to be characterised either by the construction of a masculine persona, or a fear of the repercussions for initiating intimate conversation. When attempting to ascertain whether a man is lonely, acknowledging gendered variation in survey responses is required. However, it is unclear how generalisable these ‘synthetic constructs’ are, and their potential inter-relatedness requires further research.

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“…Despite similar prevalence of general mental health problems for men and women in both low-and high-income countries (7), men are less likely to use formal treatment for mood and anxiety disorders (8). Studies conducted in high-income settings have indicated that men are less likely to hold favorable attitudes towards care (9), and are more likely still to drop out of interventions for posttraumatic stress (PTS) (10) and depression (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masculinity and Mental Health Treatment Initiation for Former Political Prisoners in Yangon, Myanmar – A Qualitative Investigation

Lakin

Win²,

Aung³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Men are less likely to seek care for mental health problems globally. This finding is more pronounced in low- and middle-income countries, where poor healthcare infrastructure, differences in illness conceptualization, and stigma impact treatment seeking. To improve the likelihood of successful engagement of men in psychotherapy, it is necessary to identify factors that influence treatment adherence, and to better understand men’s attitudes surrounding decisions to seek and initiate care. The purpose of this investigation was to explore themes of masculinity, treatment seeking, and differences between men who accepted and declined therapy in an urban low-income context. Methods We conducted a qualitative, interview-based investigation with 30 former political prisoners in Yangon, Myanmar who were eligible to receive mental health counseling provided by the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners. Men were initially screened using a composite questionnaire with items related to depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptom severity. After screening, if potential clients were identified as having probable mental health problems, they were asked if they would like to participate in a multi-session cognitive behavioral therapy program. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with 15 participants who accepted and 15 participants who declined therapy. Interviews were transcribed and translated by local partners and thematically coded by the authors. We used thematic analysis to identify and explore differences in treatment-seeking attitudes between men who accepted and men who declined the intervention. Results Men described that being a community leader, self-reliance, morality, and honesty were defining characteristics of masculinity. A focus on self-correction often led to men declining psychotherapy. A general lack of familiarity with psychological therapy, and how it differed from locally available treatments (e.g. astrologists) was connected to stigma regarding mental health treatment. Conclusions Masculinity was described in similar terms by both groups of participants. The interpretation of masculine qualities within the context of help-seeking (e.g. self-reliance as refusing help from others versus listening to others and applying that guidance) were driving factors behind men’s decision to enter psychotherapy.

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Men's depression and help-seeking through the lenses of gender.

Cited by 49 publications

References 88 publications

Male and LGBT survivors of sexual violence in conflict situations: a realist review of health interventions in low-and middle-income countries

Male and LGBT survivors of sexual violence in conflict situations: a realist review of health interventions in low-and middle-income countries

Men and loneliness in the ‘west’: A critical interpretive synthesis

Masculinity and Mental Health Treatment Initiation for Former Political Prisoners in Yangon, Myanmar – A Qualitative Investigation

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