Men’s (Mis)Perceptions of the Gender Threatening Consequences of Unemployment

Configurations of unemployment, reemployment, and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study of unemployed individuals in Portugal

“…This finding regarding gender differences in the impact of unemployment contrasts with what Michniewicz et al (2014) found but is consistent with what Kulik (2001) found. Contrasting findings may be due to the varying constructs that were used across studies, as well as to the different cultural and socio-economic contexts within which these studies were conducted (Strandh et al, 2013).…”

“…For example, van der Meer (2014) found that men's subjective well-being is more strongly affected by having a job (and by implication by not having one) than is the case for women, but that women's subjective well-being profits from the jobs of their partners, while the same is not true for men. In a comparison of men's and women's estimations of how others would evaluate them following job loss, men's "gendered metaperceptions" following job loss were more negative (Michniewicz, Vandello, & Bosson, 2014). Ensminger and Celentano (1990) concluded that gender differences in psychological distress resulting from unemployment were due largely to differences in the role configurations of men and women rather than to intrinsic gender differences.…”

Hard won and easily lost: A review and synthesis of theory and research on precarious manhood.

“…The recent U.S. and European economic recessions, combined with longer term trends in the outsourcing of manufacturing jobs (Hersh & Weiler, 2003)-traditional pillars of masculinity-may thus serve as chronic gender Stressors to the extent that they reduce some men's ability to secure jobs. We recently examined men's beliefs about the effects of unemployment on their gender status in a nationally representative sample of American workers (Michniewicz, Vandello, & Bosson, 2012). Compared with involuntarily unemployed women, involuntarily unemployed men estimated a greater threat to their gender status (they estimated that other people saw them as "less of a man") when recalling their job loss.…”

Gender-Atypical Mental Illness as Male Gender Threat

“…For example, parents, peers, and perceivers generally offer more punishment and more negative evaluations of male than female gender role violators (e.g., Feinman, 1981Feinman, , 1984; G. D. Levy, Taylor, & Gelman, 1995;McCreary, 1994;Sirin, McCreary, & Mahalik, 2004). Not surprisingly, male gender role violators anticipate negative evaluations from others for exhibiting feminine behaviors or otherwise falling short of masculine behavioral ideals (e.g., Bosson, PrewittFreilino, & Taylor, 2005;Michniewicz, Vandello, & Bosson, 2014).…”