Menarche und Menopause in Israel

Hauser, G.A.; Remen, U; Valaer, M; H, Erb; Müller, T; Obiri, John

doi:10.1159/000303995

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A number of reports tend to indicate that women living in developing countries including Indonesia, Pakistan, Chile, Peru, and India experience menopause several years earlier (Benjamin 1960;Hauser et al 1963;Ismael 1994;Yahya and Rehan 2002 ;Samil and Wishnu 1994 ;Morabia et al, 1998;Talwar and Pande 2004) than those in developed countries (Blumel et al 1988;Wasti et al 1993;Kato et al 1998 ). Moreover, the variation in age at menopause of different samples might have its origin in nutritional differences among different populations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at Natural Menopause among Rural and Urban Punjabi Brahmin Females

Kaur

Talwar

2009

The Anthropologist

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Present study is an attempt to estimate age at natural menopause among rural and urban Punjabi Brahmin females of Roop Nagar district (Punjab). Cross-sectional data are based on 870 Brahmin females (rural=450, urban=420), ranging in age from 40 to 70 years. Mean and median age at menopause of rural females is 48.22+2.47 years and 48.98+1.12 years respectively, while among urban females it is 49.30+2.80 years and 50.12+1.15 years, respectively. These findings indicate that urban Brahmin females experience menopause at a later age as compared to their rural counterparts. The mean age at menopause of rural as well as urban females is found to be earlier than their median ages at menopause. Punjabi Brahmin rural and urban females of the present study exhibit a slightly later age at menopause for females having early menarche.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at Natural Menopause among Rural and Urban Punjabi Brahmin Females

Kaur

Talwar

2009

The Anthropologist

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“…In the immediate premenopausal period, the rate of loss of primordial follicles accelerates, and menopause intervenes when the number of follicles has fallen below a critical number. 13,14 Nulliparous women tend to have an earlier menopause, 3,15 while increased parity, particularly in the higher social classes, is associated with a later menopause. 7,16 Mothers of twins enter the menopause about 1 year earlier than women who have only had singleton infants.…”

Section: Menopausementioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of the association between hypertension and menopause

1998

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Menopause is a normal aging phenomenon in women and consists of the gradual transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive phase of life. The median age at the menopause is currently around 50 years. As a result of the increasing life expectancy in the first and second worlds, many women will be postmenopausal for over one-third of their lives. The influence of menopause per se on blood pressure remains

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“…Records of age at menarche during the medieval and classical periods suggest that the retardation of age at menarche did not begin until the 18th century (Amundsen and Diers, 1969;1973a). A four-year increase in the age at menopause over the past 100 years has been suggested (Frommer, 1964;Hauser et al, 1963;Backman, 1948). However, serious methodological difficulties are associated with the data upon which this conclusion is drawn.…”

Section: Basic Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopause: A comparative life history perspective

Pavelka

Fedigan

1991

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

144

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As a life history characteristic of human females, menopause is universal, it occurs halfway through the maximum lifespan of the species, and it consistently occurs a t approximately age 50 in different populations. Menopause is fundamentally distinct from the reproductive senescence that has been described for a very small number of very old individual alloprimates. Menopause is not a recent historical artifact. As a species universal showing little variation in occurrence across contemporary populations, it must be understood in evolutionary terms. Supporters of the "grandmother hypothesis" explain menopause as an adaptive feature in itself. Others see menopause as a byproduct of the increased lifespan of Homo sapiens. Plieotropy theory may help to explain menopause in broader mammalian terms.In recent years menopause has been increasingly examined from clinical, social, and scientific perspectives. Physical anthropologists have a n approach to menopause that is at once unique and diverse, as it incorporates primatological, historical, cross-cultural, and evolutionary views. While many of us are interested in the menopause, it is clear that physical anthropologists do not share a n interpretation with which all agree. It is common to find confident yet contradictory statements in the literature. For example, menopause is described as being a n illness, and a developmental process; as a uniquely human characteristic, and one shared by the alloprimates; as being a recent historical phenomenon, and a distant evolutionary one; as a primary adaptation, and as a secondary or tertiary by-product.In this paper we provide a n overview of menopause and of controversies in the menopause literature in the hope of giving physical anthropologists the common base of knowledge that is essential to informed theory development. Our general approach throughout the paper is structured by a life history perspective. As DeRousseau recently noted (1990:1), "Life history is a n exciting new direction in evolutionary studies. It focuses attention on the processes and events that occur in the lives of individual organisms, and questions their evolutionary significance." In the case of menopause, we will be stressing three characteristics that make it a significant phenomenon in life history studies of the human female: its universality (virtually every woman who survives into her sixth decade will experience menopause); its relative timing in the overall life course (approximately half-way through the maximum life span of the species); and its age-specificity (an approximate age of 50 years has been widely reported for different populations). Four major questions are addressed.First, what is menopause? To answer this question we begin by defining a variety of relevant terms, including premenopause, perimenopause, postmenopause, climacteric, lifespan, and life expectancy, and we address the sex differences in 0 1991 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [Vol. 34, 1991 reproductive senescence in humans and the misnomer of male menopause. Basic fe...

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Menarche und Menopause in Israel

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Age at Natural Menopause among Rural and Urban Punjabi Brahmin Females

Age at Natural Menopause among Rural and Urban Punjabi Brahmin Females

The epidemiology of the association between hypertension and menopause

Menopause: A comparative life history perspective

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