Menggugat Prinsip Communio dalam Perayaan Ekaristi Online

Ine, Maria Stefania; Tai, Anjelina Marici

doi:10.56393/intheos.v2i8.1253

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…According to statistics from 2018 to 2019, goats produce about 15.26 million tons of milk annually [1,2]. In Portugal, in 2021, goat's milk accounted for only 1.46% of total milk production [3]. The unique composition and physico-chemical characteristics of goat's milk [1, [4][5][6][7] impact its behavior when subjected to processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Pulsed Electric Field Pre-Treatment on Goat Milk Pasteurization

Araújo,

Barbosa,

Alves

et al. 2023

Foods

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Goat milk is an interesting product from a nutritional and health standpoint, although its physico-chemical composition presents some technological challenges, mainly for being less stable than cow’s milk at high temperatures. As pasteurization and ultra-high temperature processing are universally employed to ensure milk quality and safety, non-thermal methods, such as pulsed electric fields (PEFs), reduce the microbial load and eliminate pathogens, representing an interesting alternative for processing this product. This study demonstrates how the combined use of a PEF with short thermal processing and moderate temperature can be effective and energy-efficient in goat milk processing. A combination of thermal treatment at 63 °C after a low-intensity PEF (50 µs pulses, 3 Hz, and 10 kV·cm−1) caused the same reduction effect on the population of Listeria monocytogenes (goat’s raw milk artificially spiked), as compared to a thermal treatment at 72 °C without a PEF. However, z values are significantly higher when PEF is used as a pre-treatment, suggesting that it may induce heat resistance in the survival population of L. monocytogenes. The sensitivity of L. monocytogenes to high temperatures is less pronounced in goat’s milk than cow’s milk, with a more pronounced impact of a PEF on lethality when combined with lower temperatures in goat’s milk. The effect of a PEF on Escherichia coli viability was even more pronounced. It was also observed that thermal treatment energy needs with a PEF as a pre-treatment can be reduced by at least 50% of the total energy requirements.

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