Meningitis and Bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenzae: Occurrence and Mortality at Boston City Hospital in 12 Selected Years, 1935-1972

McGowan, John E.; Klein, Jerome O.; Bratton, Lorna; Barnes, Mildred W.; Finland, Maxwell

doi:10.1093/infdis/130.2.119

Cited by 53 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…influenzae is one of the important etiolog-ical agents of serious clinical infections in children (4,(10)(11)(12)16) and has been shown to be increasing in adults (2,3,6,9,13,14,19,24). Blood cultures have been considered an important part in the diagnosis of meningitis, epiglottitis, cellulitis, endocarditis, and septic arthritis (16,20).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood cultures have been considered an important part in the diagnosis of meningitis, epiglottitis, cellulitis, endocarditis, and septic arthritis (16,20). The incidence of H. influenzae bacteremia in these diseases has been shown to depend upon host factors (13,16,19,20) and blood collecting methods (3,11 The conclusions drawn from this investigation are based upon conditions that have attempted to simulate clinical specimens. The selection of a blood culture medium based on results presented in this investigation should be exercised with caution, since a clinical evaluation is necessary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although similar difficulties in isolating H. influenzae from blood culture media have been reported (5,8,15,18,21,22), only a few studies have shown that the type of medium influenced the recovery rate of H. influenzae (5,18,23). Since H. influenzae has fastidious growth requirements (8) and is an important etiological agent of bacteremia (4,(10)(11)(12)18), the purpose of this investigation was to determine the ability of different types of blood culture media to support the growth of a number of strains of H.…”

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Recovery of Haemophilus influenzae from twenty-three blood culture media

1980

Journal of Infection

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Haemophilus influenzae is an important agent of bacteremia and has fastidious growth requirements. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the ability of commercial blood culture media to support the growth of this fastidious microorganism. Twenty-three types of blood culture media were inoculated with individual suspensions of eight strains of H. influenzae in the presence or absence of an erythrocyte-serum mixture. The rates of recovery of the H. influenzae strains from the various types of blood culture media were compared. The results demonstrated that the type of medium, the manufacturer, the erythrocyte-serum mixture, and the strain of H. influenzae influenced the recovery rates of H. influenzae. Optimal recovery of the strains of H. influenzae was obtained from brain heart infusion blood culture medium (GIBCO). Tryptic soy broth (GIBCO) and supplemental peptone of Becton, Dickinson and Co. also were found to be superior to the remaining types of media tested for the recovery of H. influenzae.Culture of blood provides valuable help in establishing the etiological agent of bacteremia (8,17,20,23). In a previous investigation (1) we have shown that the recovery of microorganisms from commercial blood culture media was dependent upon the type and source of medium and the genus of the isolate. The microorganism that the blood culture media most frequently failed to recover was Haemophilus influenzae; only one strain (type B) was examined, however (1). Although similar difficulties in isolating H. influenzae from blood culture media have been reported (5,8,15,18,21,22), only a few studies have shown that the type of medium influenced the recovery rate of H. influenzae (5,18,23). Since H. influenzae has fastidious growth requirements (8) and is an important etiological agent of bacteremia (4, 10-12, 18), the purpose of this investigation was to determine the ability of different types of blood culture media to support the growth of a number of strains of H. influenzae. Twenty-three blood culture media were inoculated with individual strains of H. influenzae in the presence or absence of an erythrocyte-serum mixture (RBC-SM). The recovery rates of H. influenzae from the types of blood culture media were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODSBlood culture media. Twenty-three blood culture media were purchased from seven commercial manufacturers. Blood culture bottles contained approximately 50 ml of medium supplemented with either sodium polyanethol sulfonate or sodium amylosulfate. The concentrations of these supplements ranged from 0.025 to 0.05%. Microorganisms. The strains of H. influenzae prepared for use as stock cultures in this investigation are listed in Table 1. Seed cultures were prepared by inoculating brain heart infusion (BHI) broth with a single colony obtained from a recent clinical isolate (blood, spinal fluid, etc.), and used for inoculating separate 100-ml portions of BHI broth. The BHI broth was supplemented with coenzyme, vitamins, and amino acids enrichment (CVA; GIBCO). The cultures were...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of Haemophilus influenzae from twenty-three blood culture media

1980

Journal of Infection

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“…Twenty days after the initia¬ tion of therapy, the absolute neutrophil Fothergill in 1930 developed a specific horse antiserum which re¬ duced the mortality rate to 85%, and when used in conjunction with sulfonamides, the mortality rate dropped to In 1942, Alexander and [13][14][15][16] colleagues reported the use of specific rabbit antiserum in combination with the sulfonamides, which effected a reduction in the mortality to 23%, with an 18% rate of significant neurologic sequelae in survivors.13"15" Sulfadia¬ zine (150 mg/kg/24 hr) was adminis¬ tered intravenously every six hours to maintain a serum drug level of 10 to 15 mg/100 ml.1··1* In addition to renal damage, sulfonamides occasionally produce a granulocytopenia, usually occurring ten days to six weeks after onset of therapy. This may have con¬ tributed to the hématologie findings in case l. Employing sulfonamide therapy in combination with intramuscular and intrathecal streptomycin therapy, the mortality was reduced to 9%.…”

Section: Report Of Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis

Barkin¹

1976

Am J Dis Child

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Ampicillin sodium has been the drug of choice in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. The development of ampicillin-resistant strains forces the clinician to focus on alternative therapies. We describe two patients in whom neutropenia was noted secondary to chloramphenicol administration, and streptomycin sulfate and sulfonamides were employed. An historical perspective summarizing the evolution of available therapeutic regimens is presented.

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“…Recent studies emphasize the invasive potential of strains other than serotype b; however, information about these infections is limited (1,5,8,13,22). Except for brief mention (4,7,9,14,21,24), there are few reported case histories of infections due to H. influenzae serotype d (2,18,26).…”

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confidence: 99%