Meningitis caused by <i> Rhodotorula rubra</i> in an human immunodeficiency virus infected patient

Abstract

Rhodotorula spp. are common saprophytes but may be responsible for systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. Meningitis caused by Rhodotorula spp. in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients has been reported only rarely. We present a case of meningitis caused by Rhodotorula rubra in HIV infected patient. The presumptive diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis was made on the basis of India ink preparation, Gram staining and latex agglutination test (LAT) for cryptococcal antigen. The final diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of Rhodotorula rubra from cerebrospinal fluid on culture. LAT was considered false positive. Amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine were administered but the patient succumbed to his illness.

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa associacted meningitis: A subacute entity with high mortality. Case report and review

“…Eight of the 13 patients (61%) were HIV negative and 5 (39%) were HIV positive (Table 1); in some instances the fungal meningitis due to Rhodotorula spp. was the opportunistic infection leading to the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS [17]. Six of the 13 patients died for an overall mortality of 46.2%.…”

Epidemiology ofRhodotorula: An Emerging Pathogen

“… Table 2 lists a summary of cases of localized Rhodotorula infection that did not cause fungemia occurring between the years 2000 and 2011 [70–90]. Meningitis and endophthalmitis by Rhodotorula species have been reported as nosocomial infections especially in human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) infected persons [70–78]. Prosthetic joint infections caused by Rhodotorula sp.…”

Meningitis caused by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patient

“…[4] Rhodotorula species is emerging in immune compromised patients, especially in HIV infected patients. [1–3] Rhodotorula species is common saprophytes in the environment.…”

“…Rhodotorula species differs from Cryptococcus neoformans in its carotenoid pigments. [1–4] Its isolation from normally sterile sites such as blood and CSF is of greater significance. [5 Rhodotorula species has been reported to cause septicemia, sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, keratitis, ventriculitis, peritonitis, central venous catheter infection and endophthalmitis.…”

“…[5 Rhodotorula species has been reported to cause septicemia, sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, keratitis, ventriculitis, peritonitis, central venous catheter infection and endophthalmitis. [346101213] Pore and Chen[14] reported a case of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa meningitis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He detected encapsulated budding yeast cells and confirmed it by culture.…”