Meningitis Serogroup W135 Outbreak, Burkina Faso, 2002

Nathan, Nicolas; Rose, Angela; Legros, Dominique; Tiendrébéogo, S; Bachy, Catherine; Bjørløw, Egil; Firmenich, Peter; Guérin, Philippe J.; Caugant, Dominique A.

doi:10.3201/eid1306.060940

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Serogroup C epidemics have occurred among adolescents and young adults in the US (23). Serogroup W135 has caused epidemic and endemic infections associated with high mortality rates in the African meningitis belt (24)(25)(26). Outbreaks of this strain occurred during the Hajj pilgrimages to Mecca in 2000 and 2001 (25).…”

Section: Figure Distribution Of Meningococcal Serogroups and Of Majomentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcemia in Adults: A Review of the Literature

Takada

Fujiwara

Inoue³

et al. 2016

Intern. Med.

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We mainly refer to the acute setting of meningococcemia. Meningococcemia is an infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, which has 13 clinically significant serogroups that are distinguishable by the structure of their capsular polysaccharides. N. meningitidis, also called meningococcus, is a Gram-negative, aerobic, diplococcus bacterium. The various consequences of severe meningococcal sepsis include hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multiple organ failure, and osteonecrosis due to DIC. The gold standard for the identification of meningococcal infection is the bacteriologic isolation of N. meningitidis from body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid, and pleural fluid. Blood, CSF, and skin biopsy cultures are used for diagnosis. Meningococcal infection is a medical emergency that requires antibiotic therapy and intensive supportive care. Management of the systemic circulation, respiration, and intracranial pressure is vital for improving the prognosis, which has dramatically improved since the wide availability of antibiotics. This review of the literature provides an overview of current concepts on meningococcemia due to N. meningitidis infection.

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Section: Figure Distribution Of Meningococcal Serogroups and Of Majomentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcemia in Adults: A Review of the Literature

Takada

Fujiwara

Inoue³

et al. 2016

Intern. Med.

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“…As far back as 2000, however, serogroup W-135 was associated with a worldwide outbreak in pilgrims who were returning from the Hajj, 10 followed by an outbreak in Burkina Faso in 2002 11 ; 2006 saw the emergence of serogroup X meningococci in Niger, a serogroup for which there is currently no vaccine. These epidemics demonstrate that the introduction of new, virulent serogroups into a population can affect the epidemiology of meningococcal disease and underscore the need for continued surveillance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Meningitis in Northern Ghana

Hayden

Dalaba²,

Awine³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Meningitis has a significant impact in the Sahel, but the mechanisms for transmission and factors determining a person's vulnerability are not well understood. Our survey examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people in a meningitis-endemic area in the Upper East region of northern Ghana to identify social, economic, and behavioral factors that may contribute to disease transmission and possible interventions that might improve health outcomes. Key results suggest potential interventions in response to the risk posed by migration, especially seasonal migration, a lack of knowledge about early symptoms causing delayed treatment, and a need for further education about the protective benefits of vaccination.

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“…In 2008, 10,401 cases and 1,067 deaths were recorded, and there were 4,723 cases and 629 deaths in 2009 (MDSC Meningitis Weekly Bulletin, http: //www.who.int/csr/disease/meningococcal). Moreover, Burkina Faso was the first country to experience a major serogroup W135 outbreak in 2002 (24), with 13,000 reported cases, of whom 1,400 died (www.who.int/csr/disease/meningococcal /w135). The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends reactive mass vaccination to halt ongoing epidemics (37), and countries can apply for an emergency stockpile of the A/C or A/C/W polysaccharide vaccine (38).…”

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confidence: 99%

Baseline Meningococcal Carriage in Burkina Faso before the Introduction of a Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine

Kristiansen

Diomandé

Wei

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenAfriVac has the potential to confer herd immunity by reducing carriage prevalence of epidemic strains. To better understand this phenomenon, we initiated a meningococcal carriage study to determine the baseline carriage rate and serogroup distribution before vaccine introduction in the 1-to 29-year old population in Burkina Faso, the group chosen for the first introduction of the vaccine. A multiple cross-sectional carriage study was conducted in one urban and two rural districts in Burkina Faso in 2009. Every 3 months, oropharyngeal samples were collected from >5,000 randomly selected individuals within a 4-week period. Isolation and identification of the meningococci from 20,326 samples were performed by national laboratories in Burkina Faso. Confirmation and further strain characterization, including genogrouping, multilocus sequence typing, and porA-fetA sequencing, were performed in Norway. The overall carriage prevalence for meningococci was 3.98%; the highest prevalence was among the 15-to 19-yearolds for males and among the 10-to 14-year-olds for females. Serogroup Y dominated (2.28%), followed by serogroups X (0.44%), A (0.39%), and W135 (0.34%). Carriage prevalence was the highest in the rural districts and in the dry season, but serogroup distribution also varied by district. A total of 29 sequence types (STs) and 51 porA-fetA combinations were identified. The dominant clone was serogroup Y, ST-4375, P1.5-1,2-2/F5-8, belonging to the ST-23 complex (47%). All serogroup A isolates were ST-2859 of the ST-5 complex with P1

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Meningitis Serogroup W135 Outbreak, Burkina Faso, 2002

Cited by 45 publications

References 12 publications

Meningococcemia in Adults: A Review of the Literature

Meningococcemia in Adults: A Review of the Literature

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Meningitis in Northern Ghana

Baseline Meningococcal Carriage in Burkina Faso before the Introduction of a Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine

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