Meningoencephalitis due to acanthamoeba SP

Aj, Martínez; Sotelo‐Avila, Cirilo; García‐Tamayo, Jorge; Jt, Morón; Willaert, E; Wp, Stamm

doi:10.1007/bf00686877

Cited by 49 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[2] Despite their ubiquitous presence, they hardly cause disease in the immunocompetent. It usually infects debilitated and immunocompromised individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis

Chandra

Adwani

Mahadevan

2014

Ann Indian Acad Neurol

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Report of a case of young immunocompetent male adult with autopsy proven acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis. The patient presented with a protracted febrile illness of 3 months duration with features of meningoencephalitis, this was followed by rapid deterioration while on anti tuberculous therapy and steroids and ended fatally. His magnetic resonance imaging showed features of hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis and magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed choline peak. Autopsy revealed necrotizing meningoencephalitis and intraocular colonization due to acanthamoeba.

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“…[2] Despite their ubiquitous presence, they hardly cause disease in the immunocompetent. It usually infects debilitated and immunocompromised individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis

Chandra

Adwani

Mahadevan

2014

Ann Indian Acad Neurol

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“…The first reports of FLAs belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba as the etiological agents of human disease dated from the early 1970s [24,25]. These reports included granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), a fatal disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and amebic keratitis, (AK), a painful sight-threatening disease of the eyes and other skin infections [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles from the Protozoa Acanthamoeba castellanii: Their Role in Pathogenesis, Environmental Adaptation and Potential Applications

2019

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous compartments of distinct cellular origin and biogenesis, displaying different sizes and include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. The EVs have been described in almost every living organism, from simple unicellular to higher evolutionary scale multicellular organisms, such as mammals. Several functions have been attributed to these structures, including roles in energy acquisition, cell-to-cell communication, gene expression modulation and pathogenesis. In this review, we described several aspects of the recently characterized EVs of the protozoa Acanthamoeba castellanii, a free-living amoeba (FLA) of emerging epidemiological importance, and compare their features to other parasites’ EVs. These A. castellanii EVs are comprised of small microvesicles and exosomes and carry a wide range of molecules involved in many biological processes like cell signaling, carbohydrate metabolism and proteolytic activity, such as kinases, glucanases, and proteases, respectively. Several biomedical applications of these EVs have been proposed lately, including their use in vaccination, biofuel production, and the pharmaceutical industry, such as platforms for drug delivery.

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“…PAM is a fulminant, rapidly fatal illness that usually affects healthy children and young adults. [2][3][4] The route of invasion and penetration of amoebae into the CNS in cases of GAE is hematogenous, probably orginating in the lower respiratory tract or skin. Acanthamoeba may enter the respiratory tract via air or through dust containing cysts or trophozoites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Free-living amoeba of the genus Acanthamoeba are ubiquitous and can be isolated from fresh water, soil, sew- age, heating, ventilatory and air conditioning units. 2 Acanthamoeba can cause granulomatous meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. 3 Reported herein is the first case of Acanthamoebic meningoencephalitis following an autologous PBSCT.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis following autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation

Feingold

Abraham

Bilgrami

et al. 1998

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Summary:Amoebic meningoencephalitis is an unusual complication of bone marrow transplantation. We report a case of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after autologous stem cell transplantation. Leg weakness, fever and urinary retention developed 69 days following transplantation. The patient then developed fever, generalized tonic clonic seizure, rapid deterioration of mental functions and hypercapneic respiratory failure. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a ring enhancing lesion at the level of the thoracic spines 11 and 12. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed pleocytosis. Despite empiric therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, the patient's condition worsened and she died 11 days following admission. Autopsy findings revealed a subacute meningoencephalitis secondary to Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. Keywords: Acanthamoeba; meningoencephalitis; stem cell transplantation Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). However, amoebic infections have rarely been identified in this group of patients. Only two cases of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis have been reported following autologous bone marrow transplantation. 1 They presented 9 and 6 months, respectively, following transplantation for leukemia with fever and pulmonary infiltrates, and later developed rapid mental status deterioration and seizures. The patients died 25 and 18 days after hospitalization despite aggressive treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, metronidazole, doxycycline, amphotericin B, fluconazole and trimethoprim-sulfamethaxazole. Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis was diagnosed only at autopsy. Free-living amoeba of the genus Acanthamoeba are ubiquitous and can be isolated from fresh water, soil, sew- Case reportA 47-year-old female was diagnosed with monocytoid B cell lymphoma, in August 1994. The patient received 24 courses of cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (CVP) following which she was found to have residual disease. She then received six courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) and was subsequently referred to our center for high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue. The patient received three courses of tumor debulking and stem cell mobilization chemotherapy with etoposide 60 mg/kg, cyclophosphamide 3 g/m 2 and paclitaxel 200 mg/m 2 administered at monthly intervals, following which she received pre-transplant conditioning regimen consisting of busulfan 16 mg/kg, etoposide 60 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 90 mg/kg followed by stem cell infusion (day 0). Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice a day as prophylaxis was administered day −10 to day +6. Prophylactic amphotericin B (10 mg/day from day +2 to day +12, and subsequently 30 mg/week) was also administered. Trimethoprim-sulfamethaxasole was given twice a day 2 days a week from day −8 until day −1 prior to transplant and restarted following engraftment beginning on day +8. On day +6,...

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Meningoencephalitis due to acanthamoeba SP

Cited by 49 publications

References 23 publications

Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis

Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis

Extracellular Vesicles from the Protozoa Acanthamoeba castellanii: Their Role in Pathogenesis, Environmental Adaptation and Potential Applications

Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis following autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation

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